Chapter 3

The Present: An Informed Approach

CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.

Introduction
An Enlightened, Eclectic Approach
Communicative Language Teaching
CLT Concepts (Terms)

Introduction
1970s

1980s

2015

Introduction
1970s

1980s

Well-established method

2015

Introduction
1970s

1980s

Well-established method

2015

Introduction
1970s

1980s

1990s

Enough research on learning and teaching

Integrated Approach to
Language Teaching Practices

2015

Introduction
1970s

1980s

1990s

Previous methods

APPROACH
EFFECTIVE

Tasks
Techniques

2015

Approach
Method
Technique

1963

Edward M. Anthony

Approach

A set of correlative
assumptions dealing with
the nature of language
teaching and learning.

1963

Edward M. Anthony

Method

An overall plan for the orderly

presentation of language
material, no part of which, and
all of which is based upon the
selected approach.

1963

Edward M. Anthony

Technique

It is implementional in that it
takes places in a classroom, and
it is a particular trick, stratagem,
or contrivance used to
accomplish an immediate
objective.

1963

Edward M. Anthony

Particul
ar
group
Particul
ar place

ECLECTIC
BLEND
OF
TASKS

Particul
ar
purpose
Given
amount
of time

An Enlightened, Eclectic Approach

Enlighted | Eclectic
Possible methodological
options for tailoring classes
to particular contexts

YOUR
Approach

Theoretically well
informed global
understanding of the
process of learning
and teaching

An Enlightened, Eclectic Approach

Enlighted | Eclectic
Possible methodological
options for tailoring classes
to particular contexts

YOUR
Approach

inspired by
Teaching

Reading

CLASSROOM
Discussi
ng

Observin
g

YOUR
Approach

It includes
It should
In other words

Potential choices for lesson

1. design
Language classes should focus on
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Meaning
Grammar
Students learn best by using plenty of

Analysis
Intuition
It is better for a student to
Think directly in the L2
Use translations from L2
Language learners need
Immediate rewards
Long-term rewards
With new language learners, teacher needs to be
Tough and demanding
Gentle and empathetic
A teachers feedback to the student should be given
Frequently
Infrequently, so Ss will develop autonomy
A communicative class should give special attention to
Accuracy
Fluency

a) Which side of a continuum of possibilities

would you generally lean toward?

YOUR
Is guided by

Approach

b) Why would you lean that way?

c) What contextual variables might influence a
change away from your general inclination?

1 Experience as a learner
2 Experience as a teacher
3 Observations
4 Books
5 Previous courses

but it depends on
Enlightened approach

All
Allpurposes
learners
All
contexts

YOUR
Approach

It will differ from

others for the two
following reasons:

a) An approach is the result of ones observation

and experience
b) Research in SLA always yields non-conclusive
findings that are subject to interpretation