Slum Networking

Program

Ishaan (UP1911) | Saurabh (UP2012)| Nikita (UP2212) |Anjali (UP2412)

Slum networking project

Slum Networking is a community driven approach which sees

slums not as resource draining liabilities, but as opportunities
of sustainable change for the city as a whole

It is an innovative concept, which exploits the linkage between

the slums and the natural drainage paths that influence the
urban infrastructure and environment of the city.

Slum networking is an integrated upgrading scheme wherein

the city building process is used to transform the slums into
settlements while mainstreaming the poor into the urban
population.

Indore SNP is a holistic approach to a community based

sanitation and environment improvement program.

Indore, MP
Location
Situated on the western part
of Malwa plateau on the
banks of Khan and Saraswati
rivers.

Climate
Annual rainfall 750mm.
During monsoon
season rivers are
sometimes flooded,
while other times they
serve as narrow
sewage discharge
channels

Topography
Indores
average
altitude is 550m.
All slums are on the
slopes along the banks
of rivers

Architecture
Indore slums are not crowded
like
others,
but
were
impregnable from exterior
with
pockets
of
open
community space inside.
Rivers meet at the center of
the city, the historical chatri,
where hindu temples and
palaces are located

Why Slum Networking

Project?
Sewer lines built in 1936 served only 5% of the population
and 10% of the city.
All solid waste and city sewage were discharged into khan
and saraswati rivers.
Poor health and unhygienic conditions were prevailing in
the area.
Ironically, all the slums were along the river.
About 28% of total population lives in slums. There are a
total 183 slums within the networking system

Where was it implemented?

Program
Formulation
Launched in March 1989 by IDA and financial assistance was
provided by Overseas Development administration(ODA) of
British Government.

Objective of slum networking

Improve the overall quality of life of the urban poor in terms of

health, education, skill upgrading and access to finance for
shelter improvement and income generation.
Mobilisation of material resources for the development of the
settlements.
Transform the sanitation and environment of the entire slum
matrix of cities within a set time scale.
Converge the strengths of the communities, economic forces
of the city and the government for the planning and
implementation of the program.

Functional Assessment
Improving sanitation and the
environment.
Upgrading city drainage system by using
slum network as starting point .
Linkage between old city sewerage with
the new pipe sanitation.
Channelling the clean treated water into
nearly dying rivers.

Philosophical Framework
The approach was from the designing body together with
community participation from building of houses to
maintaining them. Also many NGOs were involved in the
whole process.
Views and suggestions of the residents were also taken
into consideration.
The network created by the infrastructure resulted in
housing upgradation through the following physical
improvements: roads and footpaths, storm drainage,
sanitation and sewerage, water supply, earthworks and
landscaping, street lighting management and the removal of
solid waste
A community hall was built for social, economic, cultural
and educational improvement.

Users
28% of the slum population.

Technical Assessment
Prior to the improvement program, the
polluted waterways flies.
were breeding
Once thegrounds
piped
for mosquitos and sewerage system was
built, it was possible to
clean
the
rivers,
restore
historic
riverside
structures
and
landscape
the
banks

Concrete roads are

cheaper to build and
easier to clean, the
technology is simple
and residents can
take part in the
construction
process.

A key technique in
the
project
was
lowering the mud
roads before paving
them. The lowered
streets
and
pathways serve as
natural
drainage
channels
during
heavy rainstorms as
well as reduce the

Implementation Structure
Local Industries
Finance
Slum Infrastructure
Community
Development

Financial/ Bilateral
Institutions
Finance
Training Support

Local Government
Overall
framework
Finance
City
Infrastructure
Maintenance
Convergence of
other
Programmmes
COMMUNITY
Finance
Control
Maintenance

NGOs
Community
Savings
Health
Education
Training support

Consultants
Technical Support
Planning & Design
Implementation

Government Org.
(State Level/ Central)
Legislative Framework
Networking at various
levels

Result of SNP

A cleaner city
The mainstreaming of urban settlement growth.
The regulation of sewage and waste management.
A landscaped garden with fountains for aeration created by the
flow of treated water through the river.
The revitalisation of the historical heritage in the city centre
20 slums have reached 100 percent literacy level.
A beautiful riverfront of 2km was built making a recreation
space at a city level together with arcade shopping which
generated revenue

Weakness of Indore habitat

project
The project was financed from a grant given by
Overseas Development Administration. U.K. Although
the community contributed substantiality in terms of
house improvements and paying for community
services, nevertheless, replicating of a grant based
project can always be questioned.
Solid waste component of the project was weak
undermining the excellent work done in other areas of
environmental sanitation.
Community development activities and physical works
did not always run in tandem.

Learnings
Community based participation.
Understanding the ground issues and taking suggestions
from the residents.
Including the slum into the urban fabric of the city.
Conserving the heritage aspect of the city which was
depleting.
Transforming Slums and Transcending Poverty without Aid
with an Innovative Water and Sanitation Paradigm

AhmedabadParivartan
An integrated approach to development is steadily
reaping results in Ahmedabad, Gujarats largest city.
Slum communities, as target beneficiaries, have
joined hands with government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to
improve the slums and mainstream them with the city.
Parivartan (Change), as the project has been
christened, is changing the lives of slum dwellers, who
now have better access to water, sanitation,
education, health, and livelihood opportunities. Thirtyfour slum areas covering approximately 11,500
households have already benefited from the initiative,
which is currently under way in another 13 areas.

Source
http://architexturez.net/doc/az-cf-166249
www.akdn.org/architecture/pdf/1826_Ind.pdf
hydrologie.org/ACT/Marseille/works-pdf/wchp4-8.pdf
http://www.changemakers.com/sustainableurbanhousing/
entries/slum-networking-transforming-slums-andtranscending
Report: Slum networking of Indore city, Indore, India1998 Technical Review summary by Lailun Nahar Ekram

THANK

The Governing principles

of the National slum
policies
are:
1. Endorse an upgrading and improvement approach in all slums.
2. To ensure access to basic minimum services to these
settlements.
3. Slum-less cities, the goal of all urban planning for social and
economic development.
4. Emphasis on equity and distributive justice.
5. Ensure continuous supply/recycling of serviced and semiserviced land suitable for high density occupation by lower
income groups.
6. To empower poor by capacity building to improve their own
living conditions.
7. To ensure access to affordable land, house sites and services.
8. To encourage community participation in capacity building.
http://www.housingscience.org/html/publications/pdf/34-2-6.pdf