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STREAMLINES AND
VELOCITY PROFILES
Dr Uditha Ratnayake
Room 1F.102
Tel Ext 5255
uditha.ratnayake@itb.edu.bn
Fluid in Motion
When a fluid flows around
Lagrangian
Velocity depends on the position vector
Considers individual fluid particles
Therefore to view a fluid field, equations
Eulerian
Velocity of a particle depends on both
Flow Visualization
Let us take the Eulerian view of the flow
We can:
Look at the path taken by a particle
Look at the particles which goes through a
specific point
Speed and direction of the flow
We draw lines on a flow to indicate each of
1-D Flow
Flow is one dimensional if the flow parameters
(such as velocity, pressure, depth etc.) at a given
instant in time only vary in the direction of flow
and not across the cross-section. The parameter
vary in time but still not across the cross-section.
An example of one-dimensional flow is the flow in
a pipe.
There are parameter changes across cross-section.
Should this be treated as two-dimensional flow?
Possibly - but it is only necessary if very high
accuracy is required. A correction factor is then
usually applied.
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Back to Flow
Visualisation
Basic requirement to study the kinematics of
Pathline
The pathline of a fluid element is simply the
t3
t1
t2
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Equation of a pathline
; ; W
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Streakline
All fluid particles which pass through a
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Equation of a streakline
A streakline is formed by a series of particles
Pathline B
Particle B
Streakline
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Streamline
This is the line drawn through fluid particles
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Equation of a streamline
Along a streamline the displacement and the
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Streamtubes
A useful technique in fluid flow analysis is to
Streamtube
The "walls" of a streamtube are
made of streamlines.
As we have seen above, fluid
cannot flow across a streamline,
so fluid cannot cross a
streamtube wall.
The streamtube can often be
viewed as a solid walled pipe.
But a streamtube is not a pipe it differs because the "wall" can
move with the fluid.
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(distance);
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Flow characteristic
In a uniform steady flow:
The
Pathline
Streakline
Streamline
Coincide and form a single line
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section be Q
Then
Q = A x Vm
Where, Vm is the mean velocity.
The actual velocity within the cross section
varies from point to point.
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