Corrosion

Monitoring
System
YESTERDAYS
EXPERIENCE

Today's Outline

Who is TXINS
Corrosion Market Drivers
General Corrosion
Corrosion & Corrosion-Assisted Cracking
Hydrogen Damage
Corrosion Inhibitors
How TXINSs Monitor Works
Overview of the TXINS System
Applications
Installation
Data Acquisition & Reporting
Benefits, Limitations & Costs
Common Questions Asked

Who is TXINS?
TXINS :
Corrosion Monitors
NACE Inspectons
Industrial Coating Specifications

TXINS is a group of individuals dedicated

to the Corrosion Protection Industry
with well over 100 years of experience.
TXINS takes years of experience
coupled with todays technology and
produces accurate, real-time, cost
savings for their clients.

Whats Driving the Market

Approach to Corrosion
Monitoring?
Corrosion expenditures increasing
Major drivers:
Aging infrastructure
Higher pressures and temperatures
Higher concentrations of acid gases (e.g.,
CO2, H2S, Cl-)
Environmental costs associated with leaks
or spills and lost production & commodity

Whats Driving the Market

Approach to Corrosion
Monitoring?
(cont.)
Drilling in environmentally sensitive areas under
stringent regulations & environmental impact
legislation.
Integrity management programs costs
$2.8 $4.6 billion annually, about 10 15% of
companys maintenance expenditures.

Internal Corrosion is #1 Issue

for
Production Pipelines

57.7%

Total # of Releases 12191, Pipeline Releases by Cause for all years combined

Whats Driving the

Market to Change its
Approach to Corrosion
Monitoring?

Current corrosion detection methods

employed are reactive
High-resolution smart pigging, measures wall loss,
REACTIVE
Hydrostatic testing, integrity of the pipe wall PROACTIVE
Direct assessments, visual inspection, REACTIVE
Corrosion Coupons, weight loss, REACTIVE
FSM-IT inspection, again wall loss, REACTIVE
Liquid and Gas sampling, PRO-ACTIVE, but limited
to sampling areas is an intrusive technology
TXINS Monitoring, PRO-ACTIVE, monitors
the change in the production of hydrogen
directly proportional to the corrosion rate.

Corrosion Monitor Comparison

Feature

Coupons

ER Probes

LPR

ElectroChemical
Noise

Ultrasonic
Scan

FSM-IT

TXINS
Monitoring
System

Wall
thickness

Wall loss

Hydrogen
production

Corrosion
over time

Electrical
signal

Polarization
resistance

Fluctuatio
n in
current
and
voltage
noise

Detects Corrosion

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

Multi-phase Corrosion
Monitoring

No

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

Detects Pits or Wall

Loss

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

Inhibitor Monitoring

No

No

Yes

No

No

No

Yes

Reactive

Proactive with
real-time
communication

Proactive with
real-time
communication

Reactive

Reactive

Proactive

Intrusive

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

Shut Down to Install

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No, except for

safety
reasons

No, except for

safety
reasons

No

Retrieval Limitation

Shut Down /
pressure

Shut Down /
pressure

Shut Down /
pressure

Shut Down
/ pressure

None

None

None

Data Read

Proactive or Reactive

Can be Used in High

Temperature
Environments

Limited

Limited

Limited

Limited

Limited

Yes

Yes
(320F/ 160C)
Or weld
attachment

Can be Used in High

Pressure
Environments

Limited

Limited

Limited

Limited

Yes

Yes

Yes

Corrosion Monitor Comparison

Coupons

ER Probes

LPR

ElectroChemical
Noise

Ultrasonic
Scan

FSM-IT

TXINS
Monitoring
System

Service
Environments

All

All

Conductive
Aqueous

Conductive
Aqueous

All

All

All except high

O2 environments

Presence of
Electrolyte

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

Point

Point

Point

Point

Point/Section

Point/Section

Section

Pigging Compatible

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Continuous
Monitoring

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Satellite
Communication

No

No

No

No

No

Yes

Yes

Cost to Production
from Shutdowns

High

High

High

High

Minimal

Minimal

None

Cost of Equipment

Low

Medium

Medium

High

High

High

Medium

Labor Cost to Install

Low

Medium

Medium

High

High

Medium

Labor Cost to Repeat

High

High

High

High

Low

Low

Feature

Area of Coverage

Medium

High

General Corrosion
This term is reserved for straightforward
dissolution of a metal in corrosive water
Example: dissolution of steel in HCl. Simple
systems like this serve to demonstrate the
electrochemical basis of corrosion reactions, e.g.:
anodic reaction: Fe ----> Fe++ + 2 e- (e =
electron)
cathodic reaction: 2 H+ + 2 e- ----> H2 (hydrogen
gas)

Corrosion and CorrosionAssisted Cracking

Depending on the reservoir composition,
carbon dioxide (CO2)
hydrogen sulfide (H2S), or a
combination of both can be present in
hydrocarbons.
The terms "sweet" and "sour" are used in
the oil and gas industry to identify
hydrocarbons that contain CO2 and H2S,
respectively.

Corrosion and CorrosionAssisted Cracking

In the oil and gas industry, water is the
catalyst for corrosion. When water is
combined with CO2 or H2S the
environments form the following reactions:

H2CO3 Reaction:
Fe+H2CO3->FeCO3+H2
H2S Reaction:
Fe+H2S+H2O->FeS+2H
Or combination if both gases are present

Hydrogen Damage
Hydrogen may enter a metal surface by the
cathodic reduction of hydrogen or water:

2H+ + 2e- 2H Absorbed (acidic waters)

2H2O + 2e- 2H Absorbed + 2OH(neutral
waters)
Normally, the absorbed hydrogen at the
surface recombines to form hydrogen gas:
2H Absorbed H2
Sulfide (S2-), prevents Hydrogen gas from
forming.

Hydrogen Damage
Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HCI), or Blisters.
H2

Outside
Metal Surface

Inside
Metal Surface
Corrosive
Environment

Hydrogen Damage
Hydrogen may enter a metal surface by the
cathodic reduction of hydrogen or water:

2H+ + 2e- 2H absorbed (acidic waters)

2H2O + 2e- 2H absorbed + 2OH- (neutral
waters)
Normally, the absorbed hydrogen at the
surface recombines to form hydrogen gas:
2HAbsorbed H2
Sulfide (S2-), prevents Hydrogen gas from forming.

Corrosion Inhibitors

How TXINSs Monitor Works

Satellite Monitoring
equipment, above
ground level

Liquid Epoxy

TXINS Monitoring Systems Vessel - Cap under vacuum

Adhesive

External
Pipe wall

Pipe

H0

Environment

H0

e-

H2

H0

Anodic Area

Cathode Area
e-

H0

H0

H0

H0

Wall
Internal
gas/liquid

H2

H0

H0
eOHOH- OHFe ++
Fe ++
Fe(OH)2

Cathode Area

H0
Fe ++

e- eH0

H0

H0

H2

H0

Inhibitor film

H0

Permeation Rates of
H0 VS Carbon Steel
Thickness

Hydrogen Permeability of
Steels

TXINS T-1 or T-2

System
Remote

Communications
Via Satellite

TXINSs
T-1 or T-2
Monitor

Non Intrusive
Hydrogen monitoring
Cap

ATOMIC HYDROGEN FROM CORROSION

Applications
Any metal substrate where hydrogen is being produced as a result of the
corrosion process.

Pipelines (Sour) Pipelines (Natural

Gas)
Pipeline (Sweet)
Pipelines
Gas Plants
(Condensate)
Water Disposal Treaters
Vessels
Petrochemical
Amine Towers
Water Floods
Refinery
Closed or Sealed Rolling Stock (rail
cars or tanker trucks)

Applications
Gas and Oil Production
(H2S)
Oil/Gas Gathering and Transmission
Lines
Oil/Gas Well Heads
Sour Water Flood Lines
Underground Gas Storage Facilities

Applications
Gas-Oil Separation Plants
and Gas Plants (H2S)
Amine Units Inlets,
Outlets, transfer
lines
Contactors
Absorbers
Flash Drums
Wash Columns and
Drums
Blow down Drums
Flare Lines
Sour Water
Strippers

Sour Gas Gathering

Lines
Fractionators
Catalytic Cracker
overhead recovery
system
Hot Wells
High and Low
pressure sour gas
separators

Applications
Refinery HF Alkylation Units

Acid Settler Tanks

Accumulators
Condensors
Depropanisers
Transfer Lines
Recontactors

Installation of the
Equipment
Site preparation hand tool only to white
metal
Bonding the vessel to the pipe - Liquid
epoxy
Mechanically clamp the vessel to the pipe
Mount monitoring equipment to a pole
above ground or to secured area on the
rolling stock

Reporting
Graphical representation of
corrosive activity
Programming alarms can be set by
Client
All client information is password
protected for their use only

Graph Showing 2 Corrosion

Events
ABC Co.

2nd Event
1st Event

Customer #2
Re-evacuate

Re-evacuate

Re-evacuate
Re-evacuate

Re-evacuate

Re-evacuate

Customer #2

Benefits

Real time data

Records
Non-intrusive
Low maintenance
Remote capability
Coordinates corrosion
programs
Cost effective

Benefits (cont.)
No down time
Works in Conjunction with other
Technologies
Early Corrosion Detection
High Risk Remote Areas Can be Monitored
Low Installation and Operating Costs
High Temperature Installations (200C)
Can be placed on higher temperature if
welded

Limitations of the
Technology
No correlation of TXINS data to intrusive
probes or corrosion coupons
Does not work in fully oxygenated water
systems or ponds
Each system has to be looked at
individually, no comparison

Costs
Standard Satellite Unit costs will vary
dependent on how many transducers are
included
Remote Satellite data collection and download
of data at competitive rates $75-100/month/unit
Remote Cellular data collection and download of
data at competitive rates
Installation costs will vary as a result of location
and number of units to be installed

Commonly Asked
Questions and Answers
Q1: Does your Hydrogen Vessel work in
Sweet and Sour Gas Systems?
A1: Yes

Commonly Asked
Questions and Answers
Q2: Does the internal process pressure
affect the hydrogen flux process?
A2: No
Q3: Does temperature influence the
monitors accuracy?
A3: No and yes

Commonly Asked
Question and Answers
Q4: Can the TXINS monitor
environments containing bacterial
corrosion or iron sulfide deposits?
A4: Yes
Q5: Does the formation of Hydrogen polarization
film caused by cathodic protection on the
external of the pipe affect the TXINS
monitor?
A5: No

Commonly Asked
Questions and Answers
Q6: Is the TXINS monitoring system
capable of monitoring internal
environments that have been
internally coated?
A6: Yes
Q7: Where do you typically install the TXINS
caps?
A7: Each application will be different

Commonly Asked
Questions and Answers
Q8: Can the TXINS monitor help in
evaluating the effectiveness of my
corrosion inhibitors?
A8: Yes

Q9: Can the results of the TXINS monitor give

me a metal loss per year (MPY) value?
A9: Yes and No

Commonly Asked
Questions and Answers
Q10: Will the TXINS monitor work in all
my corrosive environments?
A10: No

Q11: Will the TXINS monitor work in a

high ph environment?
A11: Yes

Conclusion
TXINS Monitor is:
Non-intrusive
Pro-active corrosion monitor
Cost effective
Remote communication and
installations
TXINS gives the flexibility required
to meet all our customers,
corrosion monitoring needs.

Thank you for your time.

If you require any further
information,
please contact:

Corrosion Monitors
USA/ Intl.-877.378.2377
Canada- 403.250.3382
Email- khavran@txins1.com