POM.

EVOLUTION OF MGMT
THOUGHT.
Early contribution : up to 19th centu.
Classical Theory: 1900 1940.
Neo-classical app. 1940-1970.
Modern approach. 1960-1970 onwards.

CLASSICAL APPROACH.
1. SCIENTIFIC Mgmt.
2 Administrative Mgmt.

New CLASSICAL Approach.

1Human relation approach.
2 social system approach.
3 Decision system approach.
4.Mgmt Science approach.
5. Human behaviour approach.

Modern Mgmt Approach.

1.Systems Approach.
2.Contingency Approach.

Scientific Mgmt. F.W.TAYLOR

- replacing rule of thumb with science.
-harmony in group action.
- cooperation.
-Maximum output.
- development of workers.

Criticism of scientific app.

1- no human concern.
2- strict control & authoritarian style.
3- increase in production orientation.
4- compromise with quality.

Administrative mgmt approach.

HENRY FAYOL. 14 PRINCIPLES.
1 Division of work.
2 Authority & responsibility.
3- Discipline.
4- Unity of command.
5- Unity of direction.
6- subordination of individual interest
to general interest.
7- Remuneration of personnel.

Principles Contd
8- Centralisation.
9- Scalar Chain.
10- Order.
11- Equity.
12- Stability of tenure.
13. Initiative.
14- Esprit De Corp.

System approach.
System: a set of pars & combination of
parts interrelated o each other.
Each part may have many sub parts.
All parts are interrelated to each o- ther.
All sub pars are also called sub-systems.

Contd..
Features of a system.
1.combination of interrelated sub-parts.
2. parts are mutually interrelated to each
other.
3. these parts are sequentially arranged .
4. it has a boundary.
5. system transform input in to out puts.

Types of Systems
Closed system.
Open System.

Management Functions.
Planning.
Organizing.
Staffing.
Directing.
Controlling.

Nature Of Mgmt. Fns.

Are universal in nature.
Are interactive in nature.
Are normally sequential in nature, but
actually are circular in sequence.

Levels of Mamt.
Top mgmt.
Middle mgmt.
Lower mgmg.

Top mgmt. hierarchy.

Board of directors.
Chairman.
Managing director or CEO.

Middle mgmt. hire

Deptt. Heads.
Regional heads.
Managers.
Sectional heads.

Lower mgmt. hire.

Senior supervisors.
Front line supervisors.
Operators.

Fns of top mgmt.

Formulations of long terms plans.
Guidance & directions.
Integration.
Staffing.
Review & control.
Public relations.

Coordination.the essence of
mgmt.
Definition: coord. Is an orderly pattern or
arrangement of group efforts to ensure
unity of actions of various orgn. Activities
to facilitate achievement of common goals.
It requires unification of diverse &
specialized activities.
It involves orderly synchronization of
activities, timing , amount , sequence &
quality.

Contd..
To coordinate is to ensure hormony.
To ensure team work & unified &
integration of effort.

Nature & characterisitics of

Coordination.
Is not an independent fn of mgmt but is
the essence of sound mgmt.
Is an basic responsibility of each
manager & is hence need of a effective
managerial skill.
Coordn. Is not volunteer process rather is
an dedicated deliberate managerial effort.
Is a result of unified actions.
Is a continuos process.

Contd..
Is a group effort process hence need
participation of aligned group
members.
Is an balancing process.

Diffe. between coordination & cooperation.

Coordination
Cooperation
1. is deliberate effort 1. is a volunteer.
of a manager.
will of a person.
2. is collective effort. 2. is individual effort
3. is a result of coop. 3. cant ensure
coordination.
4. is a group goal
4. is individual
oriented
goal oriented
normally

Need & significance of

coordination.
Large & complex business operations.
Specialization & division of work.
Clash of interests.
Different perception of problems.
Interdependence of deptts & units.
Conflicts.

Types of coordination.
Internal coordination.
External coordination.
Vertical coordination.
Horizontal coordination.
Procedural coordination.( org. chart ).
Substantive coordination.( blue print
of engine drawings ).

Principles of effective
coordination.
Direct personal contact effort.
Early start & beginning.
Level of proper motivation.
Right direction.
Reciprocity.
Continuity.

Techniques of coordination.
Sound planning
Simplified organisations
Effective communications.
Effective leadership & supervision.
Proper chain of command.
Introduction of proper incentives.
Participative mgmt style.
Effective motivational tools.
Adequate counselling with workforce.