Unit4Gear&GearTrains

1.
2.
3.
4.

Toothedwheels,whichtransmitpowerandmotionfrom
oneshafttoanotherbymeansofsuccessiveengagementof
teeth.
Itispositivedriveandthevelocityratioremainsconstant
Thecentredistanceb/wtheshaftissmall,whichresultsin
compactconstruction.
It can transmit very large power, which beyond the range
ofbeltorchain.
Theefficiencyofgeardrivesisveryhighevenupto99%in
caseofspurgears.

Frictionwheels
The motion and power transmitted by gears is kinematically
equivalenttothattransmittedbyfrictionwheelsordiscs.

LetthewheelAbekeyedtotherotatingshaftandthewheelB
totheshaft,toberotated.Alittleconsiderationwillshow,that
whenthewheelAisrotatedbyarotatingshaft,itwillrotatethe
wheelBintheoppositedirectionasshowninFig

Selectionofgeardrives
1. Generallayoutofshafts,
2. Speedreductions,
3. Powertobetransmitted,
4. Inputspeedandcost
Spur and helical gears are used when the shaft are
parallel.
Bevel gears are used when the shaft intersect at right
angles.
Worm gears are used when the shafts perpendicular
andnonintersecting.

Spurgear

Helicalgear

Bevelgear

Wormgear

Gear terminology

Pitchcircle.Itisanimaginarycirclewhichbypurerollingaction,would
givethesamemotionastheactualgear.
Pitchcirclediameter.Itisthediameterofthepitchcircle.Thesizeof
the gear is usually specified by the pitch circle diameter. It is also
knownaspitchdiameter.

Pitchpoint.Itisacommonpointofcontactbetweentwopitchcircles.
Pitchsurface.Itisthesurfaceoftherollingdiscswhichthemeshing
gearshavereplacedatthepitchcircle.
Pressure angle or angle of obliquity. It is the angle between the
common normal to two gear teeth at the point of contact and the
commontangentatthepitchpoint.Itisusuallydenotedby .The
standardpressureanglesare1214and20.
Addendum.Itistheradialdistanceofatoothfromthepitchcircleto
thetopofthetooth.
Dedendum.Itistheradialdistanceofatoothfromthepitchcircleto
thebottomofthetooth.
Addendum circle. It is the circle drawn through the top of the teeth
andisconcentricwiththepitchcircle.
Dedendum circle. It is the circle drawn through the bottom of the
teeth.Itisalsocalledrootcircle.

CircularPitch
Itisthedistancemeasuredonthecircumferenceofthepitchfroma
pointofoneteethtothecorrespondingpointonthenexttooth.
Circularpitch,pc= D/T
whereD=Diameterofthepitchcircle,and
T
=Numberofteethonthewheel.
Module.Itistheratioofthepitchcirclediameterinmillimeterstothe
numberofteeth.Itisusuallydenotedbym.Mathematically,
Clearance. It is the radial distance from the top of the tooth to the
bottomofthetooth,inameshinggear.Acirclepassingthroughthe
topofthemeshinggearisknownasclearancecircle.
Total depth. It is the radial distance between the addendum and the
dedendumcirclesofagear.Itisequaltothesumoftheaddendum
anddedendum

Working depth. It is the radial distance from the addendum circle to

the clearance circle. It is equal to the sum of the addendum of the
twomeshinggears.
Tooththickness.Itisthewidthofthetoothmeasuredalongthepitch
circle.
Lengthofthepathofcontact.Itisthelengthofthecommonnormal
cutoffbytheaddendumcirclesofthewheelandpinion.
Arcofcontact.Itisthepathtracedbyapointonthepitchcirclefrom
thebeginningtotheendofengagementofagivenpairofteeth.The
arcofcontactconsistsoftwoparts,i.e.
(a) Arcofapproach.Itistheportionofthepathofcontactfromthe
beginningoftheengagementtothepitchpoint.
(b) b)Arcofrecess.Itistheportionofthepathofcontactfromthe
pitchpointtotheendoftheengagementofapairofteeth.

Module.
Itistheratioofthepitchcirclediameterinmillimetersto
thenumberofteeth.
Module,m=D/T
TypesofGearTrains
1.Simplegeartrain,
2.Compoundgeartrain,
3.Revertedgeartrain,and
4.Epicyclicgeartrain.

1.Simplegeartrain,
Whenthereisonlyonegearoneachshaft,asshowninFig. it
iscalledsimplegeartrains

Let

N1=Speedofgear1(ordriver)inr.p.m.,
N2=Speedofgear2(ordrivenorfollower)inr.p.m.,
T1=Numberofteethongear1,and
T2=Numberofteethongear2.
Sincethespeedratio(orvelocityratio)ofgeartrainistheratio
ofthespeedofthedrivertothespeedofthedrivenorfollowerand
ratio of speeds of any pair of gears in mesh is the inverse of their
numberofteeth,therefore

2.Compoundgears
Whentherearemorethanonegearonashaft,asshowninFigit
iscalledacompoundtrainofgear.

3.RevertedGearTrain
When the axes of the first gear (i.e. first driver) and the
last gear (i.e. last driven or follower) are coaxial, then the
geartrainisknownasrevertedgeartrainasshowninFig.

EpicyclicGearTrain
Assume the anticlockwise
rotation as positive and
clockwiseasnegative