Forces of Change in

Malaysia
Saadia Ather PBS1311287
Noor Ahmed Brohi PBS1331452

Industrialization

Industrialization is the process of social and

economic changes whereby a human group is
transformed from a pre-industrial society into
an industrial one.
The development of modern forms of industry

factories,
machines
and
large-scale
production processes.

Phase of
Industrialization

Phase 1: British colonial rule (1867-1957)

Phase 2:Import Subsitution industrialization
Strategy(1957-1969)
Phase 3: Export Oriented Industrialization
Strategy (1970-1980)
Phase 4:Second round ISI (1981-1986)
Phase 5: Second round EOI (1987-1996)
Phase 6:Asian recovery period (1997-2005)
Phase 7: Toward global competitiveness(2006now)

Westernization

Westernization is a process whereby societies

come under the influence of Western culture in
such matters as industry, technology, law,
politics, economics, lifestyle, diet, language,
alphabet, religion and values.

Ambits of
Westernization

Individualism
Liberty
Equality
Constitutionalism
Human rights
Free markets
Secularization
Democracy

Modernization

The
term
"modernization"
refers
to
the
transformation of a traditional, feudal society into
a progressive, modern one involving changes in
the psychological, social, economic, intellectual,
religious and political systems (Tsai, 1989)

Increased

Characteristics of
Modernization

geographic mobility (people going from one place to

another) and social mobility (people moving from one social

position to another).
Spread

of popular, scientific and technical education.

Increase

in material standards of living.

Politically

conscious citizens.

Increased

urbanization

(more

cities)

and

well-developed,

nationwide communications.
Centralized

and specialized administration by the government.

Rule of law, not of man.

Cont
Industrialization of the traditional economy.
Increased agricultural commercialization

and
specialization.
Importance of industry and trade over
agriculture.
More machines used for production.
Possession of a nationally conscripted
military force.

Islamization

Islamization is a term which describes a variety of attempts

and approaches to synthesize the ethics of Islam with various
fields of modern thought. Its end product would be a new ijma
("consensus") among Muslims on an appropriate fiqh
("jurisprudence") and a scientific method that did not violate
Islamic ethical norms.

Malaysia is a Islamic country with 65% Malays

who are constitutionally defined as belonging to
the Islamic faith.

Islamization values

Trustworthy
Responsibility
Sincere
Dedication
Moderate
Hardworking
Clean
Discipline
Cooperation
High respect
Thankful

Globalization

Globalization has demonstrated that

every individual belongs to many different
cultures at the same time.
It is therefore likely that members will use
their own
set of assumptions to interpret the same
situation

The World we live in

And the melting of the iceberg
The Iceberg analogy

Post Global

Open

Ethnocent
ric
My way is the way
One size fits all
- The part below the
iceberg is very much
hidden

Pre
Global
Hidden

1990

Mechanistic set of truths

Quantum Thinking
Newtonian

Global
Multicultural
Many ways to get the job
done depending on the
cultural context
- the iceberg is melting.

Multicultural
& Synergistic
There is a need to
respond to many different
contexts
- there are potential
challenges and cross
cultural clashes

1997

Cultural relativism
Einstein

Source: Dean Foster, Global Positioning: Negotiating in the Post-Global World

2000+

Globalization
An English princess with an Egyptian
boyfriend crashes in a French tunnel
driving a German car with a Dutch
engine, driven by a Belgian who was
drunk on Scottish whiskey, followed
closely by Italian Paparazzi, on Japanese
motorcycles, treated by an American
doctor, using Brazilian
Medicines, this slide originated from
Singapore and you are reading it in Kuala
Lumpur.

Impact of globalisation
Homogenisation shows a domination by Western
(particularly American) culture, cultural
uprootedness and the loss of authenticity in local
culture.
Heterogenisation, leads to greater diversity and
the differentiation of cultures, and understanding of
different cultures and institutions.
Hybridisation integrates traces of other cultures
the existing culture forging affective links between
their commodities and local communities"

Information Technology is the branch of engineering that deals

with the use of computers and telecommunications to store,
retrieve and transmit information
IT is the area of managing technology and spans a wide
variety of areas that include computer software, information
systems, computer hardware, programming languages but
are not limited to things such as processes, and data
constructs.

The termSocial Mediarefers to the use of

web-based and mobile technologies to turn
communication into an interactive dialogue.

TYPES OF SOCIAL MEDIA

collaborative projects (e.g.

Wikipedia)
blogs and microblogs (e.g.Twitter)
content communities (e.g.Youtube)
social networking sites (e.g.
Facebook)
virtual game worlds (e.g.
World of Warcraft)
virtual social worlds (e.g.
Second Life)

Social Media and

Individual Culture
The Paradox of Online Closeness
Closer to people Im far away from but maybe
farther from the people Im close enough to.
Filling in the Space With Connections
The Internet doesnt steal our humanity, it reflects
it. The Internet doesnt get inside us, it shows
whats inside us. And social media isnt cold, its
just complex and hard to define.