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Venkatesh
V.Venkatesh
R.Suresh
CH.Mounika
(11J11A0424)
(11J11A0446)
(11J11A0435)
(11J11A0407)
INTRODUCTION
In this project we have studied and implemented a Line Following Robot using a
Microcontroller for blind people
Line follower is a machine that can follow a path. The path can be visible like a
black line on a white surface (or vice-versa) or it can be invisible like a magnetic
field.
It is a typical 8051
microcontroller
by ATMEL
manufactured
It has 40 pins and it is
in dual in package
It is used for interfacing
of the input and output
modules
WORKING PRINCIPLE
This robot vehicle has the facility to find out its path. The path is tracking by sensor.
1.
2.
Straight direction
Right curve
3. Left curve
Straight direction:
It can be assumed that the robot moves in straight direction when the middle
sensors response is low and the remaining two sensors response is high.
Right curve
When a right curve is found on the line the responses will change i.e. the response
of the first sensor which is to the right will become low as that sensor will be facing
the black line and the remaining sensors response will be high.
left curve
When a left curve is found on the line the response of the left most sensor will be
changed from high to low as the sensor will now face the black or the dark surface.
ARRANGEMENT OF SENSOR
IR Transmitter, Receiver
IR TRANSMITTER
The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in
IR Sensor
Features:
Extra high radiant power and radiant intensity
High reliability
Low forward voltage
Suitable for high pulse current operation
Standard T-1 ( 5 mm) package
Angle of half intensity = 17
Peak wavelength p = 940 nm
H-BRIDGE
An H-bridge is an electronic circuit which enables DC electric motors to be run forwards
or backwards. These circuits are often used in robotics. H-bridges are available as
integrated circuits, or can be built from discrete components.
DC motor
A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity.
DC Motor Connections
Figure shows schematically the different methods of connecting the field and armature
circuits in a DC Motor. The circular symbol represents the armature circuitt.
In this left motor will be connected to the right sensor and vice versa.As long as the
sensors remain on the white tape,it continuous to move in the straight direction.But
when the sensor detects the black surface,the infra red light gets absorbed and LDR
resistance or photo transistor current remains low and subsequently the robot adjusts its
direction by varying the motor speed
DC Geared Motor
Technical Specifications:
60RPM 12V DC motors with Metal Gearbox
6mm shaft diameter
Gearbox diameter 37 mm.
Motor Diameter 28.5 mm
Length 63 mm without shaft
Shaft length 15mm
300gm weight
38kgcm torque
No-load current = 800 mA(Max), Load current = upto 9.5 A(Max)
ADVANTAGES
Robot movement is automatic.
Fit and Forget system.
Used for long distance applications.
Defense applications.
Used in home, industrial automation.
Cost effective.
APPLICATIONS
Automated cars running on roads with embedded magnets.
CONCLUSION
In this project we have studied and implemented a Line Following Robot using a
Microcontroller for blind people. The programming and interfacing of microcontroller
has been mastered during the implementation. This device is designed to provide with a
greater advantage.