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Reactions and
Equations
Classifying Chemical
Reactions
Reactions in Aqueous
Solutions
Recognize evidence of
chemical change.
Represent chemical
reactions with equations.
Balance chemical
equations.
chemical change: a
process involving one or
more substances changing
into a new substance
chemical reaction
reactant
product
chemical equation
coefficient
Chemical Reactions
The process by which one or more
substances are rearranged to form different
substances is called a chemical reaction.
Evidence of a chemical reaction
Change in temperature
Change in physical properties, odor, gas, or
bubbles may form.
synthesis reaction
combustion reaction
decomposition reaction
double-replacement
reaction
precipitate
single-replacement
reaction
There are four types of chemical
reactions: synthesis, combustion,
decomposition, and replacement
reactions.
Decomposition Reactions
A decomposition reaction is one in which
a single compound breaks down into two or
more elements or new compounds.
Decomposition reactions often require an
energy source, such as heat, light, or
electricity, to occur.
Replacement Reactions
A reaction in which the atoms of one
element replace the atoms of another
element in a compound is called a single
replacement reaction.
A + BX AX + B
aqueous solution
solute
spectator ion
solvent
Aqueous Solutions
An aqueous solution contains one or
more dissolved substances (called
solutes) in water.
The solvent is the most plentiful substance in
a solution.
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Reaction 1
HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) H2CO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)
Reaction 2
H2CO3(aq) H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Combined equation
HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) + H2CO3(aq) H2CO3(aq) +
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Overall equation
HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) H2O(l) + CO2(g) + NaCl(aq)