Electricity

Kyle, Jordan, Carson

Electricity Overview
- What is Electricity?
-

Uh, I dont know, bees?

- Electrostatics
-

It makes your hair stand up!

- Circuits
-

They make our robot overlords happy!

- Applications
-

Like, using things and whatnot...

Electricity and Electrostatics

What are Electricity and Electrostatics?

- Electricity (and therefore Electrostatics) are
simply the movement and polarization of
electrons within a material.
-

Polarization is the movement of electrons within a

material in response to the influence of outside
electrical fields.
Electrical fields are areas of charged space around
an object with active polarization or other electron
movement.

Laws of Electrostatics
- Law of Electrostatics:
Like charges repel,
opposite charges attract.
- For example, positive
charges repel other
positive charges, but
positive and negative
charges attract one
another.

- Law of Conservation of
Charge: Charges cannot
be created or destroyed,
only transferred.
- Therefore, an object
can be charged, but a
charge cannot be
created or destroyed.

Three Electrostatic Charging Methods

- Conduction
-

A negatively charged body is touched to a polarized, neutral body,

passing electrons and creating a negative charge in the neutral body.

- Induction
-

A neutral body is polarized, and then grounded, passing electrons to

the ground and creating a positive charge in the neutral body.

- Friction
-

A neutral conductor is rubbed against a negatively charged body,

passing electrons and creating a negative charge.

Coulombs Law
- Coulombs Law is an inverse square law giving the force
of electrical attraction between two particles where q is
charge, r is radius, and k is Coulombs Law Constant.

Important Electrostatic Things

-

Electron Mass: 9.11 x 10^-31 kg

Proton Mass: 1.67 x 10^-27 kg
Law of Electrostatics.
Law of Conservation of Charge.
Colombs Law for the force of electrical
attraction between particles.

Circuits

Circuits
- Circuits are made up of batteries, resistors,
ammeters (to measure current) and volt
meters (to measure voltage).
- Circuits can be connected in a series or in
parallel.

The Four Parts of Circuit Electricity

-

Voltage (V) Measured in Volts (V)

Resistance (R) Measured in Ohms ()
Current (I) Measured in Amperes (A)
Power (P) Measured in Watts (W)

Ohms Law
- Ohms Law is essential to related the
elements of circuitry to one another. We can
relate power with P = I x V.

Series Circuits
- In series, current is conserved, and equal at
all points on the circuit.
- Total resistance equals the sum of all
resistors.

Parallel Circuit
- In parallel, voltage is conserved, and equal
at all points on the circuit.
- Total resistance equals the reciprocal of
1/Ra + 1/Rb + 1/Rc etc...

Important Circuit Things

-

P=IxV
V=IxR
I = q/t
R = /A
Rs = R

(change in charge over change in time)

(Resistivity times length over area)

- 1/Rp = 1/R
I = Current, V = Voltage, R = Resistance, = Resistivity, - Length, A = area,
q = Charge

Applications
- Consider a series circuit with a 12 Volt power core and
three phasor banks of 4, 5, and 6 Ohms, in that order.
- What is the Resistance of the circuit?
- What is the Voltage on phasor bank 2?
- What would the Resistance be if the circuit were
arranged in parallel?
- What is the total power output required to vaporize a
Borg Cube, assuming its shields are functional?

Applications
Solutions:
- 4 + 5 + 6 = 15
- I = 12V/15 = .8A
V = .8A x 5 = 4
- 1/Rtot = 1/4 + 1/5 + 1/6
Rtot = 1 / (37/60) = 60/37 = 1.62
- Around 1 Captain Pacards worth.

Applications
- Consider a parallel circuit with a 18 Volt battery and two
Cyberdyne Systems T-1000 model Terminators with
resistances of 5 Ohms and 7 Ohms, respectively.
- What is the power of the circuit?
- What is the resistance of the circuit?
- What is the voltage at resistor 2?
- How did you manage to hook up the battery without
being vaporized by the terminators advanced targeting
systems?

Applications
Solutions:
- P = I x V R = 1 / (12/35) = 2.92
I = V / R = 1.16A P = 20.88W
- 2.92
- 12 Volts, voltage is conserved.
- Skill and good looks.

Applications
- Consider FrankenEric is connected in series to a
resistor of 8 Ohms, and himself acts as a resistor of 2
Ohms.
- If 25 Volts are required to bring Eric to life, what does
the voltage of the battery have to be?
- What would be the force of attraction between two
particles at the top and bottom of Erics body, if that
distance was 1.5 meters, and the particles had charges
of 6nC and 4nC?

Applications
Solutions:
- I = V/R I = 25V/2 = 12.5A
V = I x R V = 12.5 x 10 = 125V
- FE = k (q1q2)/r2
FE = (9.0 x 109) ((6 x 10-9)(4 x 10-9))/(1.52)
FE = 9.6 x 10-8 N x M2 / C2