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Chapter 1
Emergency Era
(1948-1960)

Introduction

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closely related to the Communist Party of

Malaya (MCP).
Communist in Malaya started in 1920s
through the branch of the Kuomintang Party.
Majority members:
Chinese.

Introduction

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MCP was also known as MPAJA (The

Malayan Peoples Anti Japanese Army).

Supported and supplied by the British to

harass the occupying Japanese.
After Japanese rule ended, the MCP
formed Malayan Races Liberation Army
(MRLA).

Introduction

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MRLA Communist Republic of Malaya.

Min Yuen - to provide the party with food
and medical supplies, get information
about British.

Communist Threat

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MCP failed to establish the Communist

Republic of Malaya through peaceful
means.

In June 1948, the MCP launched an armed

uprising in Malaya.
1948-51, attacks on estates, mines, police
stations, and the publics (Europeans) .

Communist Threat

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MCP used guerilla war tactics.

Strategies cripple the economy, conquer
big cities and towns.

Emergency Era

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16 June 1948 Perak and Johor as

emergency areas.
17 June 1948 a state of emergency was
declared to the whole Malaya.
23 July 1948 MCP was banned.
Reason: The murder of three European estate managers in
Perak.

Emergency Law, 1948

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gave powers to the police and soldiers to

arrest and detain communist suspect
without trial.

Measures Taken
Briggs Plan
Military Measures
Psychological Warfare (Templer
Plan)

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Briggs Plan

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Introduced by Sir Harold Briggs.

To relocate the squatter areas from the
edge of the forest to a new village; and to
launch starvation movement.
Aim: to restrict the Chinese from supplying
food, medicine, information to the
communist.

Briggs Plan

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The relocation plan started on 1 June

1950.
1952 more than 400,000 Chinese
squatters relocated to 400 new villages.
This plan was effective; weaken Min Yuen.

Military Measures

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Introduced by Sir Gerald Templer.

13 battalions of English soldiers, Gurkhas
and Malays.
Training 67,000 special Malay soldiers.

Military Measures
Home Guards systems
with 210,000 of them in
1953.
Assistance from the
Commonwealth military
(Australia, NZ and
Rhodesia Zimbabwe
and Zambia).

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Psychological Warfare
Introduced by Sir Gerald Templer.
Easy citizenship to Non-Malays.
Grant pardon to surrendered MCP
members.

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Psychological Warfare

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Reward people who provide information on

the communists and give out pamphlets
calling the communist terrorist to give up
their fight.
White and Black Areas.
Curfews (areas they hunting for
communists).

Psychological Warfare

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Psychological Warfare

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Psychological Warfare

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Psychological Warfare

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The Baling Negotiation

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28 and 29 December 1955.

MCP (Chin Peng, Chen Tien and Rashid
Maidin).
government (Tunku Abdul Rahman, David
Marshall, Tan Cheng Lock)

The Baling Negotiation

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Failed.
MCP want to be legally recognized,
government refused.
MCP refused to accept counter offer from
the government.

Impact of the Emergency

31 July 1960, end of emergency.
A number of people killed and injured.
Properties were destroyed.
Economy was crippled.

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Impact of the Emergency

New Villages were developed.
Ethnic Tension.
British grant independence.

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The End
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