SUMMER TRAINING PRESENTATION

THDC INDIA LTD.

TEHRI HYDRO POWER PLANT

BY

ABHILASH RAWAT
THDC IHET

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION
TEHRI HYDRO POWER PLANT
EXCITATION PRINCIPLE AND TYPE
STATIC EXCITATION SYSTEM
FIELD FASHING
FIELD BREAKER & DE-EXCITATION
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATION(AVR)
EXCITATION PROCESS

TEHRI HYDRO POWER PROJECT

EXCITAION SYSTEM

The functions of an excitation system are

to provide direct current to the synchronous generator

field winding, and
to perform control and protective functions essential to
the satisfactory operation of the power system

TYPES OF EXCITAION

COMMUTATOR TYPE DC GENERATOR: These DC generators are

either driven from the shaft of the main generator or from a separate
motor.
AC generators used in connection with rectifiers: In this case can
alternator is driven by the main generator to produce AC power which
is then converted to DC by rectifiers.
A static excitation system which uses the AC power generated by the
main generators instead of a separate generating unit. In this type,
the power generated by the main generator is stepped down to
required level using rectifiers. For initial excitation, DC from station
battery of DC from station auxiliary power converted by rectifiers is
used.
Brushless excitation

STATIC EXCITATION

The Thyristor

This device is basically a controlled rectifier. It belongs to a family of called

Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR).
Its advantage is that it can carry large currents and it can be controlled using a very
small current of the order of a few milli-amperes.
The conduction of Thyristor can be controlled using the control input called gate. It
has 3 terminals called anode, cathode and Gate. For starting conduction, anode is to
be positive w.r.t cathode and there should be gate current flowing through gate.
Even if the anode is positive w.r.t cathode the conduction will not start until a gate
current is supplied. So we can delay the conduction by delaying the gate signal.
Once the conduction is started, the gate will not have any control (even if it is
removed).
The conduction is will continue until the current through the device is reduced
below a particular value called the holding current. It is the minimum current
required to maintain the conduction and the value is specified by the manufacturer.

INITIAL FIELD EXCITAION

To overcome deficiency magnetism when starting,

initial excitation is applied to field winding.
The field flashing is derived by auxiliary a.c.
supply via transformer and rectifier.
Field flashing can also be provided by station
batteries.

Unit Auxiliary Transformer

Total Power- 400 kVA

Primary Voltage- 11 kV
Secondary voltage- 400 V

FIELD BREAKER

The field breaker connects the DC from the exciter to the

field. In addition to the two main contacts, the field breaker is
usually provided with a power rated auxiliary contact. This
auxiliary contact is used to provide a discharge path for the
voltage induced when the field is isolated using the field
breaker.

SELF-EXCITATION TRANSFORMER

This self-excitation Transformer , the voltage

generated is back fed to the rotor windings after
being tapped down through this transformer.
Primary voltage 15.75KV (generated voltage)
Secondary voltage 712V.
The total power is 1912 kva.

AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATION(AVR)

Comparator which compares the output

voltage of the generator with the set value.
Any error between the set value and the
output voltage is reflected as an output of
the comparator.
This signal is amplified and given
to the gate pulse generating
electronic circuit.

EXCITATION PROCESS
1) Incomer 11KV line is used for the initial excitation. For this 11KV is stepped
down 415V followed by stepping down to 30V DC which is used for the initial
excitation.
2) When 30MW is generated then 11KV line is isolated & the self-excitation is
carried out. This is done automatically.
3) For this 15.75KV, being generated is tapped down to 712V through the
self-excitation transformer.
4) This 712V AC is fed to thyristor bridges which get converted to DC and the
gate pulse to thyristor bridges are provided by AVR through pulse transformer
to the gate of thyristor.
5) These Pulse transformer smoothen the gate pulses.
6) DC from thyristor after passing through field breaker goes to the rotor
windings.
7) This is how the excitation process continues till the machine operates

BRAKING
1) To stop the machine, first wicket gates are closed.
2) It is then left in the idle condition, so that the speed reduces to 50%.
3) Dynamic brakes: When the speed is reduced to 50% dynamic brakes are
applied. For this, first the11KV incomer line is stepped down to 230V
which after passing through circuit breakers followed by field breakers is
supplied to the rotor in opposite direction (opposite to the direction of
excitation) and the 3 phase AC is shorted, which applies the force in
opposite direction and helps in reducing the speed.
4) Mechanical brakes: - Mechanical brakes are applied when the speed
reduces to 4% after application of Dynamic brakes.

THANK YOU

HAVE A NICE DAY

GOOD BYE