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Radio and Network Planning for GSM-R

GSM-R Technical Sales Conference, Stockholm 19th-21st June 2006


CoC GSM-R

Introduction
Topics
Scope of radio network planning
Radio network planning process & tools
Coverage planning
Capacity planning
Group calls

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Scope of Radio Network Planning


Tasks:
Define the signal / capacity requirements of the GSM-R network according
to the services to be offered.
Simulation and on site planning
Provide a solution for the air-interface component of a GSM-R network
Focus / Goals
Optimize the use of friendly sites
Minimize the amount of required BTS
Design a robust and reliable GSM-R network

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Radio Network Planning Process & Tools


RNP Simplified Process

Workflow is project dependent


Workflow must be clearly defined by all parties involved
Time and cost efficient planning

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Radio Network Planning Process & Tools


TornadoN 4.2
Based on Aircom
Coverage and C/I analysis
Best Server
HO analysis
Frequency Planning
Survey analysis

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Coverage Planning
Topics
Redundancy concept
Link budget
Site configurations
Special site configurations
Special site configurations in Switzerland
Frequency planning
Rules for coverage and cost efficient planning

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Coverage Planning
Single layer no overlap

BSC A

MSC A

Single layer high overlap

BSC A

MSC A

Siemens

Coverage Planning
Double Layer colocated

BSC B

BSC A

Double Layer interleaved


BSC B

BSC A

MSC B

MSC A

MSC B

MSC A

Siemens

Coverage Planning
Link Budget
Uplink

Downlink

BS configuration

BS configuration

O2
MS class 2
(cab radio)

MS class 4
(hand held)

39.0 dBm

33.0 dBm

MS cable loss

-3.0 dB

0.0 dB

MS antenna gain

0.0 dBd

0.0 dBd

MS body loss (other losses)

-3.0 dB

-3.0 dB

MS radiated power (ERP)

33.0 dBm

30.0 dBm

UL maximum pathloss

144.8 dB

141.8 dB

-111.8 dBm

-111.8 dBm

9.0 dB

9.0 dB

-120.8 dBm

-120.8 dBm

MS type

MS output power

BS minimum required signal


BS noise figure (minimum S/N)
noise (KTB)

O2
MS class 2
(cab radio)

MS class 4
(hand held)

47.8 dBm

47.8 dBm

BS duplex combiner loss

-1.5 dB

-1.5 dB

BS cable loss

-3.0 dB

-3.0 dB

BS power splitter loss

-3.5 dB

-3.5 dB

BS antenna gain (17dBi antenna)

14.8 dBd

14.8 dBd

BS radiated power (ERP)

54.6 dBm

54.6 dBm

DL maximum pathloss

142.8 dB

143.8 dB

MS minimum required signal (50%)

-88.2 dBm

-89.2 dBm

MS body loss (other losses)

-3.0 dB

-3.0 dB

MS antenna gain

0.0 dBd

0.0 dBd

MS cable loss

-3.0 dB

0.0 dB

fadeing margin (95% probability)

-9.8 dB

-9.8 dB

-104.0 dBm

-102.0 dBm

MS type
BS output power GCU

MS receive sensitivity (GSM05.05)

Siemens

Coverage Planning
Link Budget
Unbalancing

factor +/- 2 dB Link Budget ok

Link

Budget gives the maximal allowable path loss Theoretical cell range

Link

Budgets comparison :

Compare maximum allowable path loss NOT related cell ranges


Propagation physics are the same for everyone
BTS Estimation
ETCS Level 2 in CH : ~4 km site to site distance (redundant)
ETCS Level 2 in DK : ~5 km site to site distance is realistic

Siemens

Coverage Planning
Site Configurations
Quasi Omni
Mainly used for track coverage
Antenna combination needed
Recommended in areas with high speed HO

Siemens

Coverage Planning
Site Configurations
Sectorized
High traffic areas coverage
Back to back HO critical at high speeds
3 dB gain over quasi-omni configuration
Approx. 15% higher cell range

Siemens

Coverage Planning
Deployment of special antenna configurations in Switzerland
Difficult terrain coverage
Funnelled tracks with tunnels
ETCS Level 2
Urban area / Curve
UNESCO patrimony
Frequency scarcity

Siemens

Coverage Planning
Deployment of special antenna configurations in Switzerland
Difficult terrain coverage

Siemens

Coverage Planning
Deployment of special antenna configurations in Switzerland
Interference reduction
High traffic area
ETCS Level 2
High friendly site
Critical frequency shortage
Interferences

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Frequency Planning
ARFCH
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974

Uplink
876,200
876,400
876,600
876,800
877,000
877,200
877,400
877,600
877,800
878,000
878,200
878,400
878,600
878,800
879,000
879,200
879,400
879,600
879,800
880,000

Downlink
921,200
921,400
921,600
921,800
922,000
922,200
922,400
922,600
922,800
923,000
923,200
923,400
923,600
923,800
924,000
924,200
924,400
924,600
924,800
925,000

20 Channels in GSM-R
1 Channel Guard band to E-GSM
1 Channel Direct Mode
18 Channels available for planning

Siemens

Coverage Planning
Rules for a coverage and cost efficient planning
Precise requirements defined at the start of the project (redundancy,
signal levels, traffic, ETCS)
Use standardized equipment as much as possible
Minimum total amount of BTS is not necessarily the most cost efficient
Careful frequency allocation
Innovative and creative design

Maximum use of friendly sites

Siemens

Capacity Planning
Traffic model
The different user groups must be identified
by their function in the organisation
by the type of traffic they generate (voice/data)
by their geographical position in the railway network.
The following user groups exist in a railway environment
train (train personnel + ETCS communication where needed)
shunting teams
track maintenance workers
local communication (locomotive depot, track cleaning, rolling material
cleaning & maintenance, Post & luggage service, security)

Siemens

Capacity Planning
Distinguish between nodes and tracks
train communication (80% tracks, 20% nodes)
local communication (95% nodes)
shunting communication (100% nodes)
building site & track maintenance (spread over whole network on a km basis)

Number of // running trains without ETCS


Train communication 50 mErl

Number of // running trains with ETCS


Train communication 50 mErl + ~1 Erl ETCS

Number of users involved in local communication


local communication 10 mErl + 5 mErl group call

Number of shunting teams


group call 300 mErl

Siemens

Capacity Planning
BSS dimensioning for ETCS
Where ETCS tracks are planned
Where RBC HO are planned (balise locations)
The worst case ETCS traffic in a cell can be computed as follows :
n Lcell
bl
1 if not RBC HO zone or RBC HO with 1 MS

ETCSTraf cell cBSS

n = number of parallel tracks

cBSS

Lcell = length of the cell [m]

cBSS 2 otherwise

bl = Block length

Use a saturation correction factor (based on actual timetables and a traffic


prediction increase)

ETCS Level 2 has high traffic requirements


1 TCH per ETCS Train (CSD)
Siemens

Group Calls

VGCS must be carefully planned as it uses a lot of resources

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Thank you for your attention

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