Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Types of ORM
online questionnaires
synchronous and asynchronous interviews
virtual ethnographies
online experiments
web analytics & content analysis
+ others
But.disadvantages
But issues of digital access and digital literacy can limit
who we talk to
Drop off rates for questionnaires high
Issues of identity verification
Challenges to building rapport in interviews
Circumstances of interview beyond interviewers control
Technical obstacles
Still need degree of technical competence and
institutional support (although this is getting easier all
the time)
What are
your
research
questions/
aims?
Who are
you talking
to?
How are
you talking
to them?
Sampling
Recruitment
Non-response
Question type
Survey length
Language
Advantages of online
questionnaires
Increasingly common approach (familiar to
respondents)
Speed and volume of data collection
Savings in costs (to researcher)
Flexible design
Data accuracy
Access to research populations
Anonymity
Sample bias
Measurement error (Sax et al, 2003)
Non-response bias
Length, response and dropout rates
Technical problems
Ethical issues
Recruitment
Identity verification
Response rates
Identifying appropriate tools & implementation
Design issues
Will your questionnaire be easy to use?
Usability
Accessibility
Doability
Key resource: Fan, W., & Yan, Z. (2010). Factors affecting response rates of
the web survey. Computers in Human Behavior , 26 (2), 132-139.
So.
The quantity of information that may be
generated, and the speed at which responses
can be collected, can result in pleasing piles of
data- but we should be wary of being seduced by
sheer quantity; data is only useful if it is
representative of the larger population.
Wakeford (2000, 33)
So...
The data collected by virtual interviews can be rich and
valuable to the researcher, but the potential of on-line
research should not be exaggerated: many of the
issues and problems of conventional research methods
still apply in the virtual venue
Moreover, it is unlikely that online interviewing is going
to replace face-to-face interviewing but rather it is
another option in the methodological toolkit
Key resource: Ess, C. and AoIR Ethics Working Committee (2002) Ethical
decision-making and internet research http://www.aoir.org/reports/ethics.pdf
Private
Published
Informal
Writing
Speech
Personal
Anonymous
Broadcast
Identified
Ethical Challenges
The great variety of human inter/actions
observable online and the clear need to study
these inter/actions in interdisciplinary ways
This interdisciplinary approach to research leads,
however, to a central ethical difficulty: the primary
assumptions and guiding metaphors and
analogies - and thus the resulting ethical codes can vary sharply from discipline to discipline,
especially as we shift from the social sciences.
Ess, C. and AoIR Ethics Working Committee (2002)
Further reading
Exploring online research methods
http://www.geog.le.ac.uk/orm/
Tristrams ORM bibliography on CiteULike
http://www.citeulike.org/user/pigironjoe/tag/online_research_methods
Tristrams blog
http://adventuresincareerdevelopment.posterous.com/
I talk about ORM sometimes and technology often on this
blog.