Server

Program
Client
Network
CPU
Operating System
bit, byte, kilobyte,
megabyte
Memory
Storage

Expansion Slots
MHz
Application Software
Upload
FTP
IT
Network Drive
World Wide Web
Internet
etc.

Introduction to Information
Technology

Is this really all that

important to know ?

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
YOUR DIGITAL WORLD
SEPTAFIANSYAH DWI P. S.T., M.T.

Introduction to Information
Technology

Using
Information
Technology

What is a computer?
programmable machine
A machine that accepts
input (raw data), processes
that input, and produces
output (information).

Introduction to Information
Technology

What is a network?
or more computers
connected together using
communications equipment.

Introduction to Information
Technology

Two

Being online using a computer to access

information from another computer through
the use of a network.
The Internet
World Wide Web
E-mail
Information technology (infotech):

IT - Technology that helps in the production,

processing, storing, communication and
dissemination of information.

The E-World (E-business, E-commerce, Egovernment, E-learning, E-pinions, Etailing, E-waste)

Introduction to Information
Technology

Then along came

Cyberspace
encompasses the whole wired and wireless
world of communications.
Term created by William Gibson author
Not a commonly used term in the field of
Computer Science.
Internet
A global network of networks (tangible)
Do not confuse with WWW.
World Wide Web
Most common use of the Internet
Encompasses information that can be
viewed through a web browser (web
pages).
Do not confuse with the Internet.

Introduction to Information
Technology

The Internet, the World Wide Web, &

the Plumbing of Cyberspace

1.

Supercomputers

2.

Mainframes

3.

Workstations

4.

Microcomputers

5.

Microcontrollers

Introduction to Information
Technology

1.2 The All-Purpose

Machine: The Varieties of
Computers

Fastest computer
Can cost one million to 350
million dollars
looks like rows of
refrigerator-size boxes
Consists of thousands of
processors and can carry
out several trillion
calculations per second.
Used for computer
simulations

tracking hurricanes,
biological contamination,
or understanding ocean
currents.

Introduction to Information
Technology

Supercomputers

Small mainframes (midsize computers or

minicomputers).
5,000 to 5 million dollars
Used in large
organizations banks,
airlines, insurance
companies, colleges.
Processes billions of
instructions per second.
Often used with a
terminal.

Introduction to Information
Technology

Mainframes

usually used for

complex scientific,
mathematical, and
engineering
calculations and for
computer-aided design

Example: designing
airplanes, special
effects in movies

Introduction to Information
Technology

Workstations

10

Microcomputer
$500 - $5000
Personal Computer (PC)

Tower PC
Desktop PC
Laptop / Notebook
Personal digital assistants
(PDAs), also called
handheld computers or
palmtops

Mac

While a Mac is a PC, most

people relate the term, PC,
with systems that run the
Windows operating system.

Introduction to Information
Technology

11

Personal Digital Assistant

Laptop computer

Introduction to Information
Technology

Other types of
microcomputers.

12

Microcontrollers
specialized
microprocessors
installed in smart
appliances and
automobiles

also

called
embedded
computers

Introduction to Information
Technology

tiny,

13

Servers
The

word server refers to how a computer

is used.
Server - a central computer that holds
collections of data & programs for clients
- PCs, workstations, & other devices
attached to a server
Server

+ Clients linked together form a

client/server network

Introduction to Information
Technology

Clients

14

How Computers Work

The purpose of a computer is to process data

into information.

Data (Input)

raw facts and figures that are

processed into information

Information (Output)

Data

that has been summarized or

otherwise manipulated for use in
decision making

Introduction to Information
Technology

The

15

Computers consist of
hardware and software.

All the machinery and equipment in a computer

system

Tangible

Software

All the instructions that tell the computer how

to perform a task

Intangible

Introduction to Information
Technology

Hardware

16

1.

Input

2.

Processing

3.

Storage

4.

Output

5.

Communications

Introduction to Information
Technology

All computers follow the same

five basic operations.

17

Keyboard

Mouse
Introduction to Information
Technology

Input

18

Processing
- Manipulating data into information
Case or system cabinet

the box that houses

the processor chip

(CPU Central Processing Unit)

memory chips (RAM)

motherboard with power supply

secondary storage devices

video card

Etc. ..

Introduction to Information
Technology

19

Motherboard - the main

circuit board in the
computer.

Everything else attaches

to the motherboard
through connections
called ports.

Expansion slots - plugs

on the motherboard for
expanding the PCs
capabilities via additional
circuit boards.

Introduction to Information
Technology

Motherboard

20

Processing
Back

Processor chip

A tiny piece of silicon that contains millions of

miniature electronic circuits.

Introduction to Information
Technology

Front

21

Storage
Primary storage

Computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be

processed and after it has been processed

Also called:

Memory or primary memory

RAM Random Access Memory

Temporary storage

Introduction to Information
Technology

22

Memory chips
Introduction to Information
Technology

RAM

23

Secondary storage

The area in the computer where data or

information is held permanently

Also simply called:

Storage

Introduction to Information
Technology

24

Storage capacity is measured

in:

1 byte - 1 character is represented using 1 byte.

= 8 bits (a bit is a 0 or a 1)

1 kilobyte - 1,024 characters.

= 210 bytes (approx. 103 bytes)
1 megabyte - 1,048,576 characters.
= 220 bytes (approx. 106 bytes)
1 gigabyte - more than 1 billion characters.
= 230 bytes (approx. 109 bytes)

1 terabyte - more than 1 trillion characters.

= 240 bytes (approx. 1012 bytes)

Introduction to Information
Technology

25

Zip disk
Introduction to Information
Technology

Storage

Floppy disk

26

Hard-disk drive
Introduction to Information
Technology

Storage

27

CD drive
Introduction to Information
Technology

Storage

28

Flash Memory Sticks

Introduction to Information
Technology

Storage

29

Speakers
Introduction to Information
Technology

Output

30

Sound card

Introduction to Information
Technology

Speaker output requires a

sound card.

31

Monitor
Introduction to Information
Technology

Output

32

Introduction to Information
Technology

A video card controls the video

display of your monitor.

33

Printer
Introduction to Information
Technology

Output

34

Introduction to Information
Technology

Communications

35

Introduction to Information
Technology

Put all the hardware

together and

36

You still need the software!

System

software

the
computer perform
essential operating
tasks and enables
the application
software to run

Introduction to Information
Technology

Helps

37

You still need the software!

Application

software

you to
perform specific
tasks--solve
problems, perform
work, or entertain
yourself

Introduction to Information
Technology

Enables

38

Introduction to Information
Technology

The slides that follow will

not be covered in class.

39

 Speed
Then (1946)

Affordability

Now

Introduction to Information
Technology

1.4 Where Is Information

Technology Headed?
Three Directions of Computer
Development
Miniaturization

40

Three Directions of
Communications Development
Connectivity

Multimedia

Introduction to Information
Technology

Interactivity

41

When Computers &

Communications Combine:
Convergence, Portability, &
Personalization

Portability
Personalization

Introduction to Information
Technology

Convergence

42

E Also Stands for Ethics

Speed

and scale

Complexity

Introduction to Information
Technology

Unpredictability

43

Onward: Handling Information

in the Era of Pervasive
Computing
Learn to deal with information overload
a strategy to memorize
information: reduce dependence on
technology

Learn

how to make your multitasking

efficient

Introduction to Information
Technology

Have

44

Onward: Handling Information

in the Era of Pervasive
Computing
Be aware that smart mobs could

Introduction to Information
Technology

also be dumb mobs: Know when

technology is being used against you.

45

Concept Check

are the two key components of

information technology?

Computers

and communications

Introduction to Information
Technology

What

46

Concept Check

are the two key aspects of

cyberspace?

The

Internet and the World Wide Web

Introduction to Information
Technology

What

47

Concept Check

are the five sizes of computers from

largest to smallest?

Supercomputer,

mainframe, workstation,
microcomputer, microcontroller

Introduction to Information
Technology

What

48

Concept Check

is a LAN?

local area network is a connected group

of desktop PCs and other devices such as
printers, normally located in an office or
building.

Introduction to Information
Technology

What

49

Concept Check

size of computer is also called an

embedded computer?

Microcontroller

Introduction to Information
Technology

Which

50

Concept Check
is the term for a computer used to
hold collections of data and programs for
connecting PCs, workstations, and other
devices?

Server

Introduction to Information
Technology

What

51

Concept Check
are the five basic operations that
computers have in common?

Input,

processing, storage, output, and

communications

Introduction to Information
Technology

What

52

Concept Check
type of storage is composed of
computer circuitry that temporarily holds
data waiting to be processed?

Primary

storage (memory)

Introduction to Information
Technology

Which

53

Concept Check
computer device consists of
electronic circuitry that executes
instructions to process data?

CPU

(Central Processing Unit)

Introduction to Information
Technology

What

54

Concept Check

RAM chips used for primary or

secondary storage?

Primary

chips.

- theyre also called memory

Introduction to Information
Technology

Are

55

Concept Check
is the name of the main circuit board
in the computer, to which everything else
is attached via connections called ports?

Motherboard

Introduction to Information
Technology

What

56

Concept Check

many characters can be represented

by a byte? A kilobyte?

byte represents a single character; 1,

024 characters make a kilobyte

Introduction to Information
Technology

How

57

Concept Check
is the name for the unit of storage
capacity representing one billion
characters?

One

gigabyte

Introduction to Information
Technology

What

58

Concept Check
What is the name for any component or piece of
equipment that expands a computers input,
storage, and/or output capabilities? A zip-disk
drive is an example of this type of component.

Peripheral

device

Introduction to Information
Technology

59

Concept Check
type of software includes the
operating system and the master control
program that runs the computer?

System

software

Introduction to Information
Technology

What

60