DISTRIBUCION DE

ESPECIES
(COMPLEJOS)

DIAGRAMAS DE
DE DISTRIBUCIN:
DISTRIBUCIN:
DIAGRAMAS
REACCIONES DE
DE COMPLEJAMIENTO
COMPLEJAMIENTO
REACCIONES
Mn+

CM | M n | | MLn || M n |

CM | M

MLn+

|M

|| L |
Kc

C M | M n | | MLn |
| M n || L |
Kc
| ML n |

| 1 | L | | M n | 1 10( pKc pL )

Kc

| M n |
1

1 10( pKc pL )
CM

Grado de
complejamiento o de
enmascaramiento

De igual modo despejando en funcin de la concentracin

de MLn+.
n
|
ML
| Kc
CM | M n | | MLn |
| MLn |
|L|

Kc
| ML | 1

|
L
|

| MLn |
1

1 10( pL pKc )
CM

|Mn+| / CM

|MLn+| / CM

1
Mn+

0,5

MLn+

pKC

0,5

0
pL

pKC

| | / CM

pL

1
MLn+

Mn+

0,5

pKC

pL

DIAGRAMAS DE
DE DISTRIBUCIN:
DISTRIBUCIN:
DIAGRAMAS
COMPLEJOS SUCESIVOS
SUCESIVOS
COMPLEJOS

Mn+

MLn+

MLn+

ML2n+

ML2n+

ML3n+

| M n || L |
Kc1
| MLn |
| MLn || L |
Kc2
| MLn2 |
| MLn2 || L |
Kc3
| MLn3 |

C M | M n | | MLn | | MLn2 | | MLn3 |

C M | M
C M | M

|M

|| L |

Kc1

| M || L |
| M || L |

Kc1 Kc2
Kc1 Kc2 Kc3

|L|
|L|
|L|
| 1

Kc
Kc

Kc
Kc

Kc

Kc
1
1
2
1
2
3

|M |
1

CM
1 10 ( pKc1 pL ) 10 ( pKc1 pKc2 2 pL ) 10 ( pKc1 pKc2 pKc3 3 pL )

|L| concentracin libre de L

.. despejando en funcin de la concentracin de MLn+.

C M | M
CM

n
2

n
3

| | ML | | ML | | ML |

Kc
|
L
|
|
L
|
n
1

| ML |
1

Kc1 Kc2 Kc1 Kc2 Kc3

|L|

| ML |
1

CM
10 ( pL pKc1 ) 1 10 ( pKc1 pKc2 pL ) 10 ( pKc1 pKc2 pKc3 2 pL )

|L| concentracin libre de L

.. despejando en funcin de la concentracin de ML2

n
2

n+

| ML |
1

CM
10 ( 2 pL pKc1 pKc2 ) 10 ( pL pKc2 ) 1 10 ( pKc3 pL )

.. despejando en funcin de la concentracin de ML3

n
3

n+

| ML |
1

( 3 pL pKc1 pKc2 pKc3 )

( 2 pL pKc2 pKc3 )
( pL pKc3 )
CM
10
10
10
1

| | / CM
1

ML3n+

ML2n+

MLn+

Mn+

0,5

0
pK3

pK2
MLn+

ML2n+

ML3n+
pK3

pK2

pL

pK1
Mn+
pK1

pL

DISTRIBUCION DE ESPECIES
Hg2+ / ClCLORURADAS DE Hg(II)
2

Hg II | Hg | | HgCl | | HgCl2 | | HgCl3 | | HgCl4 |

pKc4 1,0

pKc3 0,9

pKc2 6,5

pKc1 6,7

| Hg 2 |
1

Hg ( II ) 1 10( 6,7 pCl ) 10 (13, 2 2 pCl ) 10(14,13 pCl ) 10(15,1 4 pCl )

| HgCl |
1
( pCl 6, 7 )
Hg ( II )
10
1 10( 6,5 pCl ) 10 ( 7 , 4 2 pCl ) 10 (8, 43 pCl )

| HgCl2 |
1
( 2 pCl 13, 2 )
Hg ( II ) 10
10 ( pCl 6,5) 1 10 ( 0,9 pCl ) 10(1,9 2 pCl )
| HgCl3 |
1
( 3 pCl 14,1)
Hg ( II )
10
10 ( 2 pCl 7 , 4) 10( pCl 0,9 ) 1 10(1, 0 pCl )

| HgCl42 |
1
( 4 pCl 15,1)
Hg ( II )
10
10 ( 3 pCl 8, 4 ) 10 ( 2 pCl 1,9 ) 10( pCl 1, 0) 1

DIAGRAMA DE DISTRIBUCION DE
ESPECIES

DISTRIBUCION Cu-NH3
Cu II | Cu 2 | | CuNH 32 | | Cu NH 3 2 | | Cu NH 3 3 | | Cu NH 3 4 |
2

Cu2+ / NH3
pKc4=2,1 / pKc3=2,9 / pKc2=4,7 / pKc1=6,2

Cu II Cu 2
Cu 2
Cu II

NH 3
NH 3
NH 3
NH 3
1

Kc1
Kc1 Kc2 Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

NH 3
NH 3
NH 3
NH 3

Kc1
Kc1 Kc2 Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

DISTRIBUCION Cu-NH3
Cu II | Cu 2 | | CuNH 32 | | Cu NH 3 2 | | Cu NH 3 3 | | Cu NH 3 4 |
2

Cu2+ / NH3
pKc4=2,1 / pKc3=2,9 / pKc2=4,7 / pKc1=6,2

Cu II CuNH 3

CuNH 3

Cu II

2
3
Kc

NH 3
NH 3
NH 3
1

Kc2
Kc2 Kc3 Kc2 Kc3 Kc4
NH 3

2
3
Kc

NH
NH
NH
3
3
3
1
1

Kc2
Kc2 Kc3 Kc2 Kc3 Kc4
NH 3

DISTRIBUCION Cu-NH3
Cu II | Cu 2 | | CuNH 32 | | Cu NH 3 2 | | Cu NH 3 3 | | Cu NH 3 4 |
2

Cu2+ / NH3
pKc4=2,1 / pKc3=2,9 / pKc2=4,7 / pKc1=6,2

Cu II Cu NH

Cu NH 3 2

2
3 2

Kc Kc
1
2

NH 3

Cu II

NH 3
NH 3
Kc2

NH 3
Kc3
Kc3 Kc4
2

Kc Kc
1
2
NH 3

NH 3
NH 3
Kc2

NH 3
Kc3
Kc3 Kc4
2

DISTRIBUCION Cu-NH3
Cu II | Cu 2 | | CuNH 32 | | Cu NH 3 2 | | Cu NH 3 3 | | Cu NH 3 4 |
2

Cu2+ / NH3
pKc4=2,1 / pKc3=2,9 / pKc2=4,7 / pKc1=6,2

Cu II Cu NH

Cu NH 3 3

2
3 3

Kc Kc Kc
1
2
3

NH 3

Cu II

Kc2 Kc3
NH 3

NH 3
Kc3

NH 3
Kc4

Kc Kc Kc
1
2
3
NH 3

Kc2 Kc3
NH 3

NH 3
Kc3

NH 3
Kc4

DISTRIBUCION Cu-NH3
Cu II | Cu 2 | | CuNH 32 | | Cu NH 3 2 | | Cu NH 3 3 | | Cu NH 3 4 |
2

Cu2+ / NH3
pKc4=2,1 / pKc3=2,9 / pKc2=4,7 / pKc1=6,2

Cu II Cu NH

Cu NH 3 4

2
3 4

Kc Kc Kc Kc
1
2
3
4

NH 3

Cu II

Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

NH 3

Kc3 Kc4
NH 3

Kc4

1
NH 3

Kc Kc Kc Kc
1
2
3
4
NH 3

Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

NH 3

Kc3 Kc4
NH 3

Kc4

1
NH 3

Cu 2
Cu II

NH 3

Kc1

CuNH 3

NH 3

Kc1 Kc2

NH 3

Kc1 Kc2 Kc3

Cu II

Cu NH 3 2

Kc Kc
1
2

NH 3

NH 3
NH 3
Kc2

NH 3
Kc3
Kc3 Kc4
2

Kc Kc Kc
1
2
3
NH 3

Kc2 Kc3
NH 3

Cu II

Cu NH 3 4

Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

Cu II

2
3
Kc

NH
NH
NH
3
3
3
1
1

NH
Kc
Kc

Kc
Kc

Kc

Kc

3
2
2
3
2
3
4

Cu NH 3 3

NH 3

Cu II

NH 3
Kc3

NH 3
Kc4

Kc Kc Kc Kc
1
2
3
4
NH 3

Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

NH 3

Kc3 Kc4
NH 3

Kc4

1
NH 3

Cu 2

Cu II

CuNH 3

1 10

pKc1 pNH 3

10 pKc1 pKc2 2 pNH 3 10 pKc1 pKc2 pKc3 3 pNH 3 10 pKc1 pKc2 pKc3 pKc4 4 pNH 3

Cu II

Cu NH 3 2

10

pNH 3 pKc1

1 10 pKc2 pNH 3 10 pKc2 pKc3 2 pNH 3 10 pKc2 pKc3 pKc4 3 pNH 3

1
1 10 pKc3 pNH 3 10 pKc3 pKc4 2 pNH 3

Cu II

Cu NH 3 3

10

pNH 3 pKc1 pKc2

10 pNH 3 pKc2

Cu II

Cu NH 3 4

10

3 pNH 3 pKc1 pKc2 pKc3

Cu II

10

4 pNH 3 pKc1 pKc2 pKc3 pKc4

10 2 pNH 3 pKc2 pKc3 10 pNH 3 pKc3 1 10 pKc4 pNH 3

10 3 pNH 3 pKc2 pKc3 pKc4 10 2 pNH 3 pKc3 pKc4 10 pNH 3 pKc4 1

PERO COMO VAMOS A CONOCER LA

CONCENTRACION LIBRE DE AMONIACO

Cu NH 3 4

Cu NH

2
3 2

CuNH 3

Cu

Cu NH 3 3

A PARTIR DE LA
CONCENTRACION TOTAL

NH 3TOTAL NH 3 NH 4
NH 3TOTAL

NH 3

pK aNH 4 pH
1 10
Cu 2
Cu II

Cu 2
Cu II

NH 3TOTAL NH 3 1 NH 4
Ka

NH 3TOTAL
NH 3
NH

NH
4

1 10 pK

NH 4
a

pH

NH 3

Kc1

NH 3

Kc1 Kc2

NH 3

Kc1 Kc2 Kc3

NH 3

Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

NH 3TOTAL
NH 3TOTAL
NH 3TOTAL
NH 3TOTAL
1

2
3
4

Kc
NH Kc1 Kc2 NH Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 NH Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

1
NH 4
4
4
4

CuNH 3

Cu II

2
3
Kc

NH
NH
NH
3
3
3
1
1

NH
Kc
Kc

Kc
Kc

Kc

Kc

3
2
2
3
2
3
4

CuNH 3

Cu II

NH 3TOTAL
NH 3TOTAL
NH 3TOTAL

2
3
NH Kc2 NH Kc2 Kc3 NH Kc2 Kc3 Kc4
4

Kc1 NH

NH

TOTAL
3

Cu NH 3 2

Cu II

Kc Kc
1
2

Cu II

NH 3

Kc1 Kc2 NH

NH 3
NH 3
Kc2

NH 3
Kc3
Kc3 Kc4
2

Cu NH 3 2

NH

TOTAL 2
3

1
2

Kc2 NH
4

NH

TOTAL
3

NH 3TOTAL
NH 3TOTAL

2
NH Kc3 NH Kc3 Kc4
4
2

Cu NH 3 3

Cu II

Kc Kc Kc
1
2
3

Cu NH 3 3

NH 3

Kc2 Kc3
NH 3

Cu II

NH
4

Cu NH 3 4

Kc1 Kc2 Kc3

NH

TOTAL 3
3

NH 4

Kc Kc Kc Kc
1
2
3
4

Cu NH 3 4
Cu II

NH
4

Kc2 Kc3

TOTAL 2
3

NH 3

Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

NH 3

NH Kc3
4

NH 3TOTAL

NH 3TOTAL

1
NH Kc4

Cu II

NH

NH 3
Kc3

NH 3
Kc4

Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

NH

TOTAL 4
3

NH 4

1
3

Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

NH

TOTAL 3
3

Kc4

1
NH 3

Kc3 Kc4
NH 3

NH 4

NH

Kc3 Kc4

TOTAL 2
3

NH Kc4
4

NH 3TOTAL

DEPENDE DEL pH Y DE LA
CONCENTRACION TOTAL DEL AMONIACO
Cu 2
Cu II

CuNH 3

NH 3TOTAL
NH 3TOTAL
NH 3TOTAL
NH 3TOTAL
1

NH Kc1 NH 2 Kc1 Kc2 NH 3 Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 NH 4 Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

4
4
4
4

Kc1 NH

NH
Cu NH 3 2

TOTAL
3

NH 3TOTAL
NH 3TOTAL
NH 3TOTAL

NH Kc2 NH 2 Kc2 Kc3 NH 3 Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

4
2

Cu II

Cu NH 3 3

Kc1 Kc2 NH

NH

Cu II

NH
4

NH 3TOTAL

TOTAL 3
3

NH 4

Cu II

NH
4

NH

Kc2 Kc3

Kc1 Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

NH

TOTAL 4
3

NH 4

TOTAL 2
3

1
3

NH 3TOTAL
NH 3TOTAL

NH Kc3 NH 2 Kc3 Kc4

4

Kc2 NH

Kc1 Kc2 Kc3

NH

TOTAL 2
3

Cu NH 3 4

Cu II

Kc2 Kc3 Kc4

NH

TOTAL 3
3

NH Kc3
4

NH 3TOTAL

NH 4

NH

NH 3TOTAL

1
NH Kc4

Kc3 Kc4

TOTAL 2
3

NH Kc4
4

NH 3TOTAL

NH

Cu

CuNH 3

TOTAL
3

1M

Cu NH

Cu NH 3 2

Cu NH 3 3

2
3 4

NH

Cu

TOTAL
3

0,1M

Cu NH 3 4

CuNH 3

Cu NH 3 3

Cu NH 3 2

NH

Cu

TOTAL
3

0,01M

CuNH 3

Cu NH 3 3

Cu NH 3 2

Cu NH 3 4

NH

Cu

TOTAL
3

10 M

CuNH 3

Cu NH 3 2

Cu NH

2
3 3

Cu NH

2
3 4

PbT42+

Pb2+

- PbT3 2+
- PbT22+
- PbT2+

Pb2+ / Tiourea (T)

pk4
pk3
pk2
pk1

=
=
=
=

0,2
0,43
0,74
0,63
pPb2+

PbT2+

PbT22+ pk2

Pb2+

PbT2+ pk1

PbT22+

PbT32+ pk3

PbT32+

PbT42+ pk4

Co2+ / SCNCo(SCN)42-

CoSCN+
Co2+

Co(II)-SCN = 3,0
Co(II)-(SCN)2 = 0,0
Co(II)-(SCN)3 = -0,7
Co(II)-(SCN)4 = 0,0

pCo2+

Co2+

CoSCN+ pk1

CoSCN+
CoSCN3-

CoSCN2 pk2
CoSCN42- pk4

CoSCN2

CoSCN3- pk3

pHg2+

Hg2+

HgCN+ pk1

HgCN+

HgCN2 pk2

HgCN2

HgCN3- pk3

HgCN3-

HgCN42- pk4

Hg2+ / CNpk4
pk3
pk2
pk1

=
=
=
=

3,0
3,8
16,7
18,0

pNH3
8

AgNH3
Ag+

Ag(NH3)2+
AgNH3+
2

Ag+ / NH3
pk2 = 3,9
pk1 = 3,3

pCu+

Cu2+

CuNH3+ pk1

CuNH3+

Cu(NH3)+ pk2

Cu+ / NH3
pk2 = 4,7
pk1 = 6,2