Wireless Data Services In

Cdma2000
By
Mohammed Yousuf Shareef
St Id#220326

Introduction

Cdma-Code Division Multiple Access.

Spread Spectrum technique using Direct Sequence i.e. each
data bit is represented (spread) by multiple bits in
transmitted signal.
Cdma2000-multi carrier mode Cdma
It supports data rates both circuit and packet switched of
9.6kbps to 2 Mbps.
Operates in wide range of environments

Outdoor Mega cells(cells 35km radius)

Outdoor macro cells(1-35 km radius)

Indoor/outdoor micro cells(1km radius)

Indoor/outdoor Pico cells(<50-m radius)

Contd

Cdma2000 can be deployed in

Indoor/Outdoor environment
Wireless Local Loops
Vehicular Environments
Mixed Vehicular & Indoor/Outdoor Environments
Cdma2000 services support
Overlay configuration
Backward compatibility to TIA/EIA-95B signaling &
network
Graceful & gradual upgrade from 2G to 3 G systems

Common channels with an underlay TIA/EIA-95B

system during transition periods

Contd

CDMA 2000 is a radio and network access system that is part

of the IMT-2000 (ITU) specification suite of 3G systems.
Goals of IMT-2000:Global Standard.
High Speed Packet Data Services:

2Mbps for stationary use.

384kbps for pedestrian use.

144kbps for vehicular use.

3G applications enabled by CDMA 2000:
Packet based services like, wireless Internet, e-mail,
ecommerce
and multimedia, location based services,
longer battery life.

Evolution Of Wireless Technologies

1G

Wireless Technologies
1 Gen
St

Analog based cellular

technology
Services

Voice

2G

2G

Digital technologies
Services

Voice

Low rate data

3G

3G

Services

Voice

High Speed Data

Evolution Of Wireless Technologies

CDMA 2000 enables migration from and seamless backward

compatibility to
cdmaOne 2G to 3G without fork-lifting the legacy system.
CDMA 2000 migration path:

CDMA 2000-1X (1xRTT)

Currently available. Incorrectly considered 2.5G.

First version of CDMA 2000 by Qualcomm.

144kbps data rate and 1.5 times the voice capacity.

1xEV-DO (HDR)
Evolution of 1x to provide high data rate only, over a
separate carrier.

2.4Mbps downstream and 300kbps upstream.

Evolution Of Wireless Technologies

1xEV-DV
Evolution of 1x to provide high data rate and voice
capacity.
5.2Mbps.
CDMA 2000-3X (3xRTT)

Conceptual phase.

Use of a new 3.75MHz (3 x1.25MHz) spectrum.

CDMA Advantage

GSM is discrete with no forward and backward

compatibility
CDMA terminals are fully forward and backward
compatible.

Approximate Download time for 3 minute

mp3

Network
Max.Data Rate
Download time
GSM 9.6Kbps
41 minutes
IS95-A CDMA 14.4Kbps
31 minutes
GPRS 45Kbps
9 minutes
IS95-B CDMA 64Kbps
6 minutes
CDMA 2000-1X
307Kbps
1.5 minutes
WCDMA
384Kbps
61 seconds
CDMA2000 1XEV-DO 2.4Mbps
11 seconds

CDMA 2000 Forward Link

CDMA 2000 Forward Link

Spreading Rates

SR1 (1.2288Mcps) and SR3 (3xRTT).

Nine forward link radio configurations

RC1 - RC9.
Each RC is characterized by physical layer parameters such as
different modulation and coding.
RC
Max. Data Rate
Code Rate
SR
1
9.6kbps
1/2
SR1
2
14.4kbps
1/2
SR1
3
153.6kbps
1/4
SR1
6
307.2kbps
1/6
SR1
9
1.036Mbps
1/3
SR1

CDMA 2000 Forward Link

New Common Channels:

7 Forward Common Control Channels (F-CCCH)

Signaling and MAC messages.

8 Forward Broadcast Control Channels (F-BCCH)

Paging messages.

- Specifically for CDMA2000 mobiles to reduce load on

cdmaOne channels.
Forward Common Auxiliary Pilot Channel (F-CAICH)
Used to generate spot beams in a particular area (hot spot).

3 Forward Quick Paging Channels (F-QPCH)

Indicator to the mobile to wake up for a message on the paging

channel. Useful for conserving battery during idle time.

4 Forward Common Power Control Channels (F-CPCCH)

Used to control the reverse access channels.

CDMA 2000 Forward Link

Dedicated Channels:
cdmaOne: Forward Fundamental Channel (F-FCH)

Primarily for voice, but may carry data up to 14.4kbps.

IS-95B (2.5G): Up to 7 Forward Supplemental Code Channels
(F-SCCH) per user

Strictly for data traffic supporting either RC1 or RC2.

Multiple channel aggregation: 9.6 - 115.2kbps.
New Dedicated Channels:

Forward Dedicated Common Control Channel (F-DCCH)

High-priority data traffic, such as data re-transmissions.

Up to 2 Forward Supplemental Channels (F-SCH) per user

Also only for data, but supports RC3 through RC9.

CDMA 2000 Reverse Link

CDMA 2000 Reverse Link

New Common Channels:

Reverse Enhanced Access Channel (REACH).

Reverse Common Control Channel (RCCCH).

Used to provide more reliable and
power efficient access.
Dedicated Channels:
cdmaOne: Reverse Fundamental Channel (R-FCH).
IS-95B (2.5G): Up to 7 Reverse Supplemental Code Channels (R-SCCH)
per user.
New Dedicated Channels:
Reverse Dedicated Control Channel (R-DCCH).
Up to 2 Reverse Supplemental Channels (R-SCH) per user.
Reverse Pilot Channel (R-PICH)
Improves reception at the receiver.
Power control bits multiplexed (at 800Hz) for forward link power
control.

Packet Data Call

Packet Data Call

a)In Origination Message, MN requests packet data

service (can also request supplementary services like
fax over circuit.)
b) BSC acknowledges.
c) BSC sends Service Request message to MSC.
d) After authentication, MSC sends channel Assignment Request message.
e) Forward and Reverse channel assignment procedures
(same as (e) thru (j)).
f) A9-Setup-A8 message to PCF to establish A8
connection.
g) Procedure for establishing A10/A11 connection between
PCF and PDSN (R-P interface).

h) PCF transmits A9-Connect-A8 message to BSC.

i) BSC transmits Assignment Complete message to MSC.
j) PPP connection establishment procedure and Mobile IP
registration procedure initiated.

3G Network Architecture

Contd

IP Mobility

Ability to move with an IP address while the connection

using the IP address is active
IP Mobility may be provided by a combination of RAN
mobility and CN mobility
Radio Access Network IP mobility

Handoff/handover

Cell selection/reselection
Core Network IP mobility

Mobile IP, GPRS

Cdma2000 Network Architecture

AAA: Authentication,
Authorization and
Accounting
FA: Foreign Agent
GR: Gateway Router
HA: Home Agent
PDSN: Packet Data Serving
Node

Cdma2000 packet Data Network

Architecture

Cdma2000 Layering Structure

Upper Layer Services

Voice

End User data bearing services

Signaling
Lower Layer

Link Access Control(LAC)

Media Access Control(MAC)

Contd

LAC manages point to point communication channels

MAC provides 3 functions

Media Access control state

Best Effort Delivery

Multiplexing & QOS control

Cdma2000 Layer Structure

Layer functions
Signaling Control
Data Services
Voice Services
Mac Control states
Qos
Resource Allocation
Multiplexing
Coding & Modulation

Packet Data Mac Operation States in

Cdma2000 &TIA/EIA-95B

Contd

Active State
Traffic,PC and control channels assigned
Control Hold State

PC and Control channels assigned

Very fast traffic channel reassignment

Suspended State
No Dedicated Channels
Fast traffic Channel
Reassignment
RLP state may be maintained
PPP state maintained
Slotted sub mode

Contd

Dormant State
No dedicated channels

No BS,MSC resources

PPP state maintained

Short data bursts

Channel Bandwidths and Data rates

supported by Cdma2000
RF
Bandwidth(MHz)

Forward data
rates(kb/s)

Reverse data
rates(kb/s)

1.25

1.2-307.2

1.2-307.2

3.75

1.2-1036.8

1.2-1036.8

7.5

1.2-2073.6

1.2-2073.6

11.25

1.2-2457.6

1.2-2073.6

15

1.2-2457.6

1.2-2073.6

ServicesOfCDMA2000Networks

Short Message Services (SMS)

low cost/high value services
increased network traffic
higher profits and greater customer loyalty
Message Over IP-SMS
Over-the-Air Services
E-Mail Distribution
Unified Messaging:
The end-user can send, retrieve and manage e-mail,
voice mail and fax mail with one subscription, to one
service, provided by one operator.

AAA Services cdma2000 networks

AAA Services of Cdma2000 Networks

Migrate from a one size fits all model to personalized services

Package premium services for both residential and corporate

users

Collect detailed usage information for flexible billing options

Track resource usage in real time for guaranteed access and

access control.

AAA consists of three key functions:

Authentication
recognize the user

Authorization
enforce access controls and deliver
services

Accounting
track users usage of network resources

Vendors Of Cdma2000

cdma2000 (3GPP2)
Vendors

Qualcomm

Lucent

Nortel

Motorola

Samsung, Ericsson,
Operators
Sprint PCS

Verizon , KDDI, SKT

Conclusion

A brief overview of wireless data services has been presented

New Channels Of Forward and Reverse channel specifications
of cdma2000 is shown.
Network Architecture Of Cdma2000 has presented
Various wireless data services like

SMS

Unified Messaging

AAA Services of cdma2000 networks

References

Wireless Network evolution by Vijay K.Garg.

cdma2000:A Third generation radio transmission
technology,Bell Labs technical Journal ,sept.1998.
TIA/EIA IS-2000-3 Medium Access Control Standard for
cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems,Nov.1999.
Douglas N.Kinsley, Sarath Kumar, Subhasis Laha, and
Sanjiv Nanda,Evolution Of Wireless Data Services IS-95
to cdma2000
Technology Primer AAA Services for Cdma2000
Networks, Bridge Water Systems