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TERTIARY CONTROL
EXPL ANATION
Primary-Secondary Control
Primary control defined as "an automated
reestablishment of the balance between generation
and consumption within no less than 30 seconds
following imbalance event
-Elektrizittswirtschafts- und -organisationsgesetz 2010(Electricity Act)
Tertiary Control
if the power flow deviation lasts for extended period
(more than 15 minutes) secondary gives way to
tertiary control.
Can be kicked during secondary control
Activated either manually or automatically
Available Tertiary control must be at least as large as
the capacity of the largest power station unit in
control area.
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Primary/Secondary/Tertiary
Control
Source: http://www.econtrol.at/en/businesses/electricity/electricitymarket/balancingenergy
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Frequency Limit in
the ENTSO-E Grid
LIMITS, ACTIONS
Frequency Variation
Load-Frequency Control
Processes
Proce Product
ss
FCR
Primary Control Reserve
FRR
Secondary Control
Reserve
Tertiary Control Reserve
Mapping Process to Products*
RR
Tertiary Control
Source: ENTSO- Operational reserve AD HOC Team Report Final Version 23/05/2012
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Requirements in European
codes Generation units
TSOs Transmission System Operators
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Merit Order
is way of ranking available sources of energy,
especially electrical generation, based on ascending
order of price (short-run marginal cost of production)
together with the amount of energy that will be
generated.
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Source: http://yes2renewables.org/2011/12/21/the-merit-order-effect-how-renewables-enter-electricitymarkets/
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OPF(Optimal Power
Flow)
AIMS, METHODOLOGY, MATHEMATICAL METHODS
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Source: A Particle Swarm Optimization based Optimal Power Flow Problem for Iraqi Extra High Voltage GridFiras M. Tuaimah -Montather F. Meteb
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NonLinear
Programming
Quadratic
Programming
Linear
Programming
Newton
Method
Heuristic
Methods
ANN
Tabu
Search
Genetic
Algorithms
Particle
Swarm
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20
Source: entosoe- Supporting Document for the Network Code on Load-Frequency Control and
Reserves
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Backup - frequency
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25
26
27
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