LIMITS AND

TOLERANCE
Prepared by: Thounaojam Philips
System id.:2013001777
Roll No.:130106199
Branch: Mechanical Engineering
Sharda university
Philips.elnino@gmail.com

Introduction

In nature two extremely similar (identical) things are

difficult to obtain. If at all we come across exactly
similar things, it must be only by chance.
Every production process involves a combination of
three elements viz, men, machines and materials.
. The unnatural variation are due to assignable cause
which can be easily traced, controlled and reduced to
economic minimum.
The correct and prolonged functioning of most
manufactured articles depends on the correct size
relationships between the various components of the
assembly.

Limits
The ranges of permissible difference in dimension have been standardized under the name limits.

As already described every manufacturing process is a

combination of three elements man, materials and
machine. A change in any one or all of these will result
in changes in sizes of manufactured parts.
n mass production, where large number of parts are to
be made by different operators on different machines, it
is impossible to make all parts exactly alike and to exact
dimensions. The difference in dimension does exist
because of these variables. Also, perfect size is not only
difficult but a costly affair.

Tolerance
The permissible variation in size or dimension is called
tolerance.
Tolerance can also be defined as the amount by which
the job is allowed to go away from accuracy and
perfectness without causing any functional trouble,
when assembled with its mating part and put into actual
service.

Tolerance writing systems

There are two types of tolerance writing systems
Unilateral Systems
Bilateral System

Unilateral Systems
In this system, the dimension of a part is allowed to vary
only on one side of the basic size i.e. Tolerance lies wholly
on one side of the basic size either above below it

EXAMPLES OF UNILATERAL ARE:- + 0.02 + 0.02 - 0.01 + 0.00

+ 0.01 - 0.00 - 0.02

25,

- 0.02

25, 25, 25 etc.

Unilateral system is preferred in interchangeable

manufacture, especially when precision fits are required,
because.

Bilateral System
In this system, the dimension of the part is allowed to vary on both the
sides of the basic size i.e. the limits of tolerance lie on either side of
the basic size but may not be necessarily equally disposed about it.
e.g. + 0.02 + 0.02
25 - 0.02
25

In this system it is not possible to retain the same fit when tolerance is
varied and the basis size of one or both of the mating parts is to be
varied. This system is used in mass production where machine setting
is done for the basic size.

FIT
Fit may be defined as a degree of tightness or looseness
between two mating parts to perform a definite function
when they are assembled together.

It is the relationship between the two mating parts

with respect to the amount of play or tightness which is
present when they are assembled together.

Type of fits
On the basis of positive, zero and negative values of
clearance, there are three basic of fits.
Clearance Fit
Transition Fit
Interference Fit

Clearance Fit

Interference Fit

Transition Fit

Thank You