SIMPLE PRESENT

FORMULA
POSITIVE SENTENCE
S + V-1(-s/-es) + Complement
For examples:
Dr. Nick examines Jane every morning.
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen
Nurse Mary goes to work on foot.
The patients in ward B always exercise every
morning.

FORMULA
NEGATIVE SENTENCE
S + DO/DOES + NOT + V-1 + Complement
For examples:
Dr. Nick doesnt examine Jane every morning.
Water doesnt consist of hydrogen and oxygen
Nurse Mary doesnt go to work on foot.
The patients in ward B dont always exercise
every morning.

FORMULA
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE
DO/DOES + S + V-1 + Complement
For examples:
Does Dr. Nick examine Jane every morning?
Does water consist of hydrogen and oxygen?
Does nurse Mary go to work on foot?
Do the patients in ward B always exercise every
morning?

FUNCTIONS
1. GENERAL TRUTH
Most animals kill only for food.
A week has 7 days.
Human beings have two arms.
A man dies without food.

FUNCTIONS
2. HABIT
Nurse Landon always sterilizes the
instruments after being used.
Mr. Sandy usually does jogging twice a week.
Dr. Bryce always prays before doing an
operation.
My sister doesnt always wash her hands
before eating.

FUNCTIONS
3. Situation that exists right now at the
moment of speaking
The old man likes to consume junk food. He
has a serious problem with his stomach. But, he
doesnt want to have a surgery.

RULES
Predicate

form : Verb-1

Auxiliary: Do

= for plural subjects (+ I &

you)
Does = for single subject

The

verb-1 must be added with -s/-es if

the subject is single.
No auxiliary is needed in positive
sentences. The auxiliary only exists in
negative and interrogative sentences. If
it exists, the main verb should be V-1.

RULES
To

emphasize the idea of habit, we can

also use:
- Adverbs of frequency:
always, usually, often, sometimes,
seldom, never.
- Time expressions:
everyday, every morning, every
Sunday, every semester, every two
weeks.

Identify the SPO and make questions

The doctor reviews Laurens file.
Lauren makes an appointment.
The nurse weighs her and records her
height.
Lauren fills out a form in the admission.
Lauren takes a bus to the clinic.
The doctor takes her blood pressure.
Lauren answers questions about her
lifestyle.
A nursing assistant calls my name.
The doctor examines Lauren.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

FORMULA
POSITIVE SENTENCE

S + is/am/are + V-ing + Complement

For examples:
Dr. Myers is injecting the client now.
Nurse Mary is washing the instruments now.
The patients in ward B are sleeping right now.

FORMULA
NEGATIVE SENTENCE

S + is/am/are + not + V-ing + Complement

For examples:
Dr. Myers is not injecting the client now.
Nurse Mary is not washing the instruments now.
The patients in ward B are not sleeping right
now.

FORMULA
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

Is/am/are + S + V-ing + Complement

For examples:
Is Dr. Myers injecting the client now.
Is Nurse Mary washing the instruments now.
Are the patients in ward B sleeping right now.

FUNCTIONS
1. An activity that is in progress right now (at
the moment of speaking)
We are studying English right now.
The students are listening to the lecturers
explanation now.
I am standing in front of the class now.
The clock is ticking right now.

FUNCTIONS
2. An activity that is usually in progress at a
certain point of time.
The doctor is writing a book about brain injury
this year .
The student are taking dancing and singing
courses this semester
I am learning Italian this month.

RULES

Predicate form : Verb-ing

Auxiliary:
is = for single subject
am= only for I
are = for plural subjects and you
The auxiliaries (is/am/are) are needed in all
kinds of sentences to precede the V-ing.
The time expressions are: now, right now,
at this moment.

Simple Present or Present Continuous?

Every Monday, Sally (drive) her kids to football practice.
2. Usually, I (work) as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I (study)
French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.
3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep).
4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain).
5. I hate living in Seattle because it (rain, always).
6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) because everybody (talk)
so loudly.
7. Justin (write, currently) a book about his adventures in Tibet. I
hope he can find a good publisher when he is finished.
8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?
Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) to a movie tonight with some
friends.
9. The business cards (be, normally ) printed by a company in New
York. Their prices (be) inexpensive, yet the quality of their work
is quite good.
10. This delicious chocolate (be) made by a small chocolatier in
Zurich, Switzerland.
1.

MEDICAL VOCABULARY (VERBS)

Mengkonsultasikan
Mengobservasi
Memeriksa
Mengecek; memeriksa
Mendiagnosis
Menyuntik
Meresepkan
Merawat
Menyiapkan
Mensterilkan
Mendisinfeksi
Menyingkirkan; membuang
Mengumpulkan
Merapikan

Consult
Observe
Examine
Check
Diagnose
Inject
Prescribe
Take care of
Prepare
Sterilize
Disinfect
Remove
Collect
Tidy up

THANKS
FOR YOUR ATTENTION

PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT