C HAPTE R 2

Kinematics in One
Dimension

Mechanics
The study of Physics begins with mechanics.

Mechanics
The study of Physics begins with mechanics.
Mechanics is the branch of physics that focuses on the motion
of objects and the forces that cause the motion to change.

Mechanics
The study of Physics begins with mechanics.
Mechanics is the branch of physics that focuses on the motion
of objects and the forces that cause the motion to change.
There are two parts to mechanics: Kinematics and Dynamics.

Mechanics
The study of Physics begins with mechanics.
Mechanics is the branch of physics that focuses on the motion
of objects and the forces that cause the motion to change.
There are two parts to mechanics: Kinematics and Dynamics.
Kinematics deals with the concepts that are needed to describe
motion, without any reference to forces.
Chapter 2: Kinematics in one dimension
Chapter 3: Kinematics in two dimensions

Mechanics
The study of Physics begins with mechanics.
Mechanics is the branch of physics that focuses on the motion
of objects and the forces that cause the motion to change.
There are two parts to mechanics: Kinematics and Dynamics.
Kinematics deals with the concepts that are needed to describe
motion, without any reference to forces.
Chapter 2: Kinematics in one dimension
Chapter 3: Kinematics in two dimensions
Dynamics deals with the effect that forces have on motion.
Chapter 4: Dynamics

Distance and Displacement

Distance and Displacement

Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns
around and walks 40-m west.

Distance and Displacement

Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns
around and walks 40-m west.

Q: What is the total walked distance?

Distance and Displacement

Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns
around and walks 40-m west.

Q: What is the total walked distance? A: 130-m

Distance and Displacement

Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns
around and walks 40-m west.

Q: What is the total walked distance? A: 130-m

Q: What is the displacement?

Distance and Displacement

Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns
around and walks 40-m west.

Q: What is the total walked distance? A: 130-m

Q: What is the displacement? A: 50-m, due east.

Displacement

x final position
x o initial position

x x x o displacement
The displacement x is a vector that points from the initial position
to the final position. SI Unit of Displacement: meter (m)

2.2 Speed and Velocity

Average Speed
Average Velocity
Instantaneous Velocity
Instantaneous Speed

Average Speed

Units for speed: m/s, MPH, kmPH.

Average Velocity

Average velocity

Displacement
Elapsed time

x x o x
v

t to
t
Units for velocity: m/s, MPH, kmPH.

Instantaneous Velocity and Speed

The instantaneous velocity v indicates how fast an object
moves and the direction of the motion at each instant of time.

x
v lim
t 0 t
The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity is called the
instantaneous speed, and it is the number (with units) indicated
by the speedometer.

Acceleration

Acceleration

Units: m/s2, cm/s2

Instantaneous acceleration
Acceleration at a particular instant is called instantaneous
acceleration.

Deceleration

Deceleration
An object speeds up when the acceleration and velocity vectors
point in the same direction.

Deceleration
An object speeds up when the acceleration and velocity vectors
point in the same direction.
Whenever the acceleration and velocity vectors have opposite
directions, the object slows down and is said to be decelerating.

Deceleration
An object speeds up when the acceleration and velocity vectors
point in the same direction.
Whenever the acceleration and velocity vectors have opposite
directions, the object slows down and is said to be decelerating.
Example 4: A drag racer crosses the finish line, and the driver
deploys a parachute and applies the brakes to slow down. The
driver begins slowing down when t0 = 9.0 s and the car's velocity
is v0 = +28 m/s. When t = 12.0 s, the velocity has been reduced to
v = +13 m/s. What is the average acceleration of the dragster?

Kinematics Equations