2009-2010

PHYSIOLOGY OF
SKELETAL MUSCLE
CHARACTERISTICS

1. EXCITABILITY
2. CONTRACTILITY
3. EXTENSIBILITY
4. ELASTICITY
FUNCTIONS

1. PRODUCE MOVEMENT
2. MAINTAIN POSTURE
3. STABILIZE JOINTS
4. GENERATE HEAT
5. MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES WITHIN THE
BODY
SKELETAL MUSCLE ORGAN

A WHOLE MUSCLE
 CONSISTS OF A LARGE
 NUMBER OF MUSCLE
FIBERS (CELLS) , PLUS
 CONNECTIVE
 TISSUE WRAPPINGS,
 BLOOD VESSELS,
 AND NERVE FIBERS.
 SKELETAL MUSCLE ORGAN
THE OUTERMOST LAYER, WHICH ENCIRCLES
THE WHOLE MUSCLE ORGAN, IS THE
EPIMYSIUM.IT IS COMPOSED OF IRREGULAR
CONNTECTIVE TISSUE.
SKELETAL MUSCLE ORGAN
THE NEXT LAYER IS THE PERIMYSIUM. IT
SURROUNDS GROUPS OF 10 TO 200 MUSCLE
FIBERS, SEPARATING THEM INTO BUNDLES
CALLED FASCICLES.
SKELETAL MUSCLE ORGAN
THE DEEPEST
LAYER IS THE
ENDOMYSIUM. IT
SURROUNDS EACH
MUSCLE FIBER
SEPARATING ONE
FROM ANOTHER. IT
IS COMPOSED OF
LOOSE
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE.
SKELETAL MUSCLE ANATOMY
SKELETAL MUSCLE ANATOMY

A SARCOMERE IS THE
FUNCTIONAL CONTRACTILE
UNIT OF SKELETAL MUSCLE.
IT CONSISTS OF THREE TYPES OF
PROTEINS.
SKELETAL MUSCLE ANATOMY

PROTEINS FOUND IN
SARCOMERE

1. CONTRACTILE PROTEINS
2. REGULATORY PROTEINS
3. STRUCTURAL PROTEINS
SKELETAL MUSCLE ANATOMY

CONTRACTILE PROTEINS GENERATE

FORCE DURING CONTRACTION. THE
TWO CONTRACTILE PROTEINS ARE
ACTIN AND MYOSIN.
SKELETAL MUSCLE ANATOMY

REGULARTORY PROTEINS HELP TO

SWITCH THE CONTRACTION
PROCESS
ON AND OFF. THE TWO REGULATORY
PROTEINS ARE TROPOMYOSIN AND
TROPONIN.
MYOSIN
MYOSIN
ACTIN, TROPOMYSOIN, TROPONIN
SARCOMERE
SARCOMERE
SARCOMERE
 NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

CONSISTS OF:

1. THE AXONAL TERMINAL OF A SOMATIC

MOTOR NEURON.
2. SYNAPTIC CLEFT
3. THE MOTOR END PLATE.
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
 MOTOR UNIT
 A MOTOR UNIT IS A
SOMATIC MOTOR
NEURON AND ALL OF THE
MUSCULE CELLS IT
INNERVATES.

THE NUMBER OF
MUSCLE FIBERS PER
MOTOR UNIT MAY BE AS
HIGH AS SEVERAL
HUNDRED OR A FEW AS
FOUR.
MOTOR UNIT

AS A RESULT, STIMULATION OF A
SINGLE MOTOR UNIT CAUSES A WEAK
CONTRACTION OF THE
ENTIRE MUSCLE, OR A NUMBER OF MOTOR
UNITS MAY CAUSE A STRONG CONTRACTION
OF THE ENTIRE MUSCLE.
ENERGY FOR CONTRACTION

1. ATP
2. CREATINE PHOSPHATE
3. GLYCOLYSIS
4. AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION
MUSCLE FATIGUE

TRUE MUSCLE FATIGUE IS THE

RESULT OF BUILD UP OF ACIDIC
COMPOUNDS, MAINLY LACTIC ACID,
A REDUCTION IN THE AMOUNT OF
ATP, AND ELECTROLYTE
IMBALANCES.
 REPLACING THE OXYGEN DEBT

1. CONVERTING LACTIC ACID INTO

PYRUVIC ACID.
2. RESYNTHESIZING ATP.
3. RESYNTHESIZING CREATINE PHOSPHATE
4. REPLACING GLYCOGEN STORES.
5. REOXYGENATING MYOGLOBIN.