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Tendency
mean
median
mode
Dr. Md. Atiqul Haque, Assistant
professor, Dept. PHI, BSMMU
Nominal variables:
Mode
Ordinal variables:
Median
Mean:
Mean
Arithmetic Mean (AM)
Most Common Measure
Sum of all values/ No. of values
1
Symbolically, X
X
N
It may be noted that unless otherwise specified,
`mean indicates Arithmetic Mean.
Acts as Balance Point
Affected by Extreme Values (Outliers)
Formula (Sample Mean)
n
N
i 1
Xi
i 1
1
X1 X 2 X n
Mean Example
Xi
i 1
n
6
8.30
8
n1 n2
6.4
Sensitivity to Outliers
Income
(BTK)
Dabir
5,467,220
Sabir
24,780
Kabir
24,100
Khabir
19,500
Jabir
19,400
Mean
1,111,000
Dr. Md. Atiqul Haque, Assistant
professor, Dept. PHI, BSMMU
Median
n 1
Positioning point
2
Dr. Md. Atiqul Haque, Assistant
professor, Dept. PHI, BSMMU
Median Example
Odd-Sized Sample
Raw Data:
Ordered:
Position:
21.5
1
22.6
2
22.6
3
23.7 24.1
4
5
n +1
Positioning Point
+1 3
2
2
Median = 22.6
Dr. Md. Atiqul Haque, Assistant
professor, Dept. PHI, BSMMU
Median Example
Even-Sized Sample
Ordered:
Position:
Positioning point
n +1
2
7.7 + 8.9
Median
= 8.3
2
Dr. Md. Atiqul Haque, Assistant
professor, Dept. PHI, BSMMU
6 +1
2
3.5
The Mode
The ModeExample
Frequency Distribution
of Race in the 2000
General Social
Survey
Race
White
2,244
Black
404
Other
170
Total
2,817
Symmetrical
Unimodal
The mean of a distribution is the midpoint
of the curve
The tails of the curve are infinite
Its Mean, Median and Mode will coincide
The area under the curve is measured in
standard deviations from the mean
Dr. Md. Atiqul Haque, Assistant
professor, Dept. PHI, BSMMU
Properties (cont.)
68-95-99.7 Rule
68% of
the data
95% of the data
99.7% of the data
Dr. Md. Atiqul Haque, Assistant
professor, Dept. PHI, BSMMU
112.3
127.8
143.3
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96.8
127.8
158.8
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81.3
127.8
174.3
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