Corporate Sustainability :

Concepts & Principles

Dr. Kazi F. Jalal
Faculty, Harvard Extension School

Corporate Sustainability
Corporate sustainability is a business
approach that creates long-term
shareholder value by embracing
opportunities and managing risks deriving
from economic ,environmental and social
developments (-Wikipedia)

The Terminology Swamp*

Corporate sustainability (CS)

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Corporate responsibility (CR)
Corporate citizenship
Triple bottom line (TBL)
Three Ps (profit, planet, people)
Sustainable development (SD)
________________________________
*17/15; 10/106

CSR-The commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic

development- working with employees, their families, the local community and
society at large to improve their quality of life-WBCSD
Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate responsibility,
corporate citizenship, responsible business and corporate social opportunity) is
a concept whereby organizations consider the interests of society by taking
responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, suppliers,
employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the
environment.
In this respect, CSR includes both social and environmental responsibility

Typical Business Priorities of Corporations

Revenue increase/expense reduction/profit making

Share price increase/ company growth
Leadership quality/vision/mission
Governance/efficiency/accountability/transparency
Teamwork/learning/innovation/talent hunting
Productivity/absenteeism/health/safety
Risk management/emerging market forces
Security of supply/ raw materials, energy & water
Beating competitors to market
Attracting and retaining good customers
Quality of products and services
Regulatory compliance

17/23

CS program for industries*

*Constructed from: The Natural Step for Business (1999),p-16

Time horizon

Corporate response

Industry goals

< 1970

Era of no action

No goal

1970-80

Reactive/compliance Follow regulatory

stds.

1980-90

Anticipatory

Cost avoidance/
Impact reduction.

1990-2000

Proactive, social
response added

Profit maximization
Eco-efficiency
Social benefits

2000-2010

Integrated

Peo/planet/profit

Corporate Sustainability : Five stages

Stage 1: Pre-Compliance
Stage 2 : Compliance
Stage 3 : Beyond Compliance
Stage 4 : Integrated Strategy
Stage 5 : Purpose and Passion

Corporate Sustainability: its

about attitude

Ten steps to achieve CS

1.Make sustainability as a company vision

2.Formulate a sustainability strategy
3.Embed sustainability in every part of business
4.Walk the Talk (action speak over words)
5.Set-up a powerful body
6.Establish a code of conduct
7.Join sustainability network
8.Bring stakeholders on board
9.Think beyond reporting
10. Use peoples power
______________________________________________
* Corporate Sustainability- Its About Attitude(2008) www.enn.com/business/article/31186

Guidelines and Indices

Caux principles (1994)

Global Corporate Responsibility Benchmarks (1999)
Social Accountability 8000 (1998)
Green Business Certification
United Nations Global Compact (1999)
Business Longevity Indicator (BLI)
The Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI)
OECD Guidelines for Multilateral Enterprises
European Corporate Sustainability Framework
Corporate Sustainability Management Framework
Corporate Sustainability Commitment Index (CSCI)
Ratings & Rankings based on customers perception

Ceres principles/ Valdez principles*

* CERES : is a non-profit organization consisting of over 80 investors from North America forming a network of
investors, environmental organizations and other public interest groups working together to help corporations large,
medium and small, to address their sustainability challenges. Ceres also launched a CS reporting system called Global
Reporting Initiative (GRI). The GRI is used by over 1200 global corporations in reporting on their environmental, social
and economic fronts. Following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska, Ceres adopted 10 principles of CS which are:

1. Protection of the Biosphere

We will reduce and make continual progress toward eliminating the release of any
substance that may cause environmental damage to the air, water, or the earth or its
inhabitants. We will safeguard all habitats affected by our operations and will protect
open spaces and wilderness, while preserving biodiversity.
2. Sustainable Use of Natural Resources
We will make sustainable use of renewable natural resources, such as water, soils and
forests. We will conserve non-renewable natural resources through efficient use and
careful planning.
3.Reduction and Disposal of Wastes
We will reduce and where possible eliminate waste through source reduction and
recycling. All waste will be handled and disposed of through safe and responsible
methods.
4. Energy Conservation
We will conserve energy and improve the energy efficiency of our internal operations
and of the goods and services we sell. We will make every effort to use environmentally
safe and sustainable energy sources.
5. Risk Reduction
We will strive to minimize the environmental, health and safety risks to our employees
and the communities in which we operate through safe technologies, facilities and
operating procedures, and by being prepared for emergencies.

6.Safe Products and Services

We will reduce and where possible eliminate the use, manufacture or sale of
products and services that cause environmental damage or health or safety
hazards. We will inform our customers of the environmental impacts of our
products or services and try to correct unsafe use.
7. Environmental Restoration
We will promptly and responsibly correct conditions we have caused that
endanger health, safety or the environment. To the extent feasible, we will
redress injuries we have caused to persons or damage we have caused to the
environment and will restore the environment.
8. Informing the Public
We will inform in a timely manner everyone who may be affected by conditions
caused by our company that might endanger health, safety or the environment.
We will regularly seek advice and counsel through dialogue with persons in
communities near our facilities. We will not take any action against employees
for reporting dangerous incidents or conditions to management or to appropriate
authorities.
9. Management Commitment
We will implement these Principles and sustain a process that ensures that the
Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer are fully informed about pertinent
environmental issues and are fully responsible for environmental policy. In
selecting our Board of Directors, we will consider demonstrated environmental
commitment as a factor.
10.Audits and Reports
We will conduct an annual self-evaluation of our progress in implementing these
Principles. We will support the timely creation of generally accepted
environmental audit procedures. We will annually complete the Ceres Report,
which will be made available to the public.

In this lecture we try to review the various instruments and guidelines to measure the relative strength of Corporate Sustainability of
various corporations. These are developed by various sponsors with different objective and approach even though they are for the
same goal of measuring corporate sustainability.
The Caux principles for business: In 1994, a group of business executives from multinational corporations located in Europe, Japan
and North America established a set of principles to set a world standard against which business behavior can be measured. The
Group was founded in 1986, although the principles were not formulated until 1994. Although these principles were more aspirational
(than operational) they have credibility since these were formulated by top business executives from four important, industrialized
countries. The principles are rooted in two basic ideals: (i) kyosei and (ii) human dignity. Kyosei, a Japanese concept means living and
working together for the common good.
The Caux principle consists of seven General Principles and six stakeholders principles as follows:
A. General Principles
1. The Responsibilities of Business : Beyond Shareholders to Stakeholders
Corporations have a role to play in improving the lives of all their stakeholders: customers, employees, suppliers, investors,
communities around business establishments and competitors.
2. The Economic & Social Impact of Business
Business should contribute to economic and social development of not only those countries where they operate but also in the
global community at large through effective and prudent use of natural resources, free and fair competition, emphasis on innovation in
technology, production methods, marketing and communications.
3. Business Behavior: Beyond Trade Secret toward a spirit of Trust
While accepting the legitimacy of trade secrets, business should recognize that sincerity, truthfulness, keeping of promises and
transparency contribute not only to their own credibility, but also to the efficacy of business transaction particularly at the international
level.
4. Respect for Free Trade
To avoid trade frictions and to promote free trade and healthy competition, businesses should respect international and domestic
rules
5. Support for Multilateral Trade (GATT/WTO)
Businesses should support the multilateral trade system of WTO/GATT and similar international agreements. They should support
trade liberalization and oppose protectionism
6. Respect for Environment
A business should protect and where possible enhance the environment, promote sustainable development and prevent wasteful
use of natural resources
7. Avoidance of Illicit Operations
Businesses should not support or promote bribery, money laundering or other corrupt practic

B. Stakeholders Principles
8. Customers
Treat customers with dignity, irrespective of whether they purchase products and services directly or indirectly from the market. Business establishments should, therefore, have responsibility to:
- provide customers with highest quality of products and services
- treat customers fairly in all respects of business transactions
- make every effort to ensure the health and safety of customers
- assure respect for human dignity and integrity of culture of customers
9. Employees
Businesses should have responsibility to:
- provide jobs and compensation that improve living conditions of workers
- provide working conditions that respect health and dignity of employees
- engage in open communication with employees in sharing information within the limits of legal constraints
- listen to and where possible, act on employees suggestion, ideas, requests and complaints
- engage in good faith negotiations when conflict arises
- avoid discriminatory practices in such areas as gender, age, race and religion
- promote employment of disabled people where they can be genuinely useful
- protect employees from avoidable injury and illness in workplaces
- encourage and assist employees in developing relevant skills and knowledge
10. Owners/ Investors
Businesses have a responsibility to:
- secure a fair and competitive return on our owners investments
- disclose relevant information to owners/investors subject to legal constraints
- conserve, protect, and increase assets
- respect owners/ investors requests, suggestions and complaints
11.Suppliers
Relationship with suppliers and sub-contractors must be based on mutual respect. Businesses have a responsibility to:
- seek fairness and truthfulness in all activities including pricing, licensing and rights to sell
- foster long-term stability in the relationship
- share information with suppliers and integrate them in the business planning process
- pay suppliers on time and in accordance with agreed terms of trade; and
- seek, encourage and prefer suppliers and sub-contractors whose employment practices respect human dignity.

10. Investors
11. Suppliers
12. Competitors
13. Communities

Social Accountability 8000

SA8000 is a global social accountability standard for decent working conditions developed and overseen by
Social Accountability International (SAI). It offers Social Accountability Accreditation Services (SAAS) to
companies which seek their services for a license for a fee. Such fees can range up to 10-12 thousand US dollars
for a large company. SA8000 is based on UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and various ILO
conventions pertaining to the workers. SA8000 covers the following areas of accountability:

Child labor: No workers under the age of 15; minimum lowered to 14 for countries
operating under the ILO Convention 138 developing-country exception; remediation
of any child found to be working
Forced labor: No forced labor, including prison or debt bondage labor; no lodging of
deposits or identity papers by employers or outside recruiters
Workplace safety and health: Provide a safe and healthy work environment; take
steps to prevent injuries; regular health and safety worker training; system to detect
threats to health and safety; access to bathrooms and potable water
Freedom of Association and Right to Collective Bargaining: Respect the right to form
and join trade unions and bargain collectively
Discrimination: No discrimination based on race, caste, origin, religion, disability,
gender, sexual orientation, union or political affiliation, or age; no sexual harassment
Discipline: No corporal punishment, mental or physical coercion or verbal abuse
Working hours: Comply with the applicable law but, in any event, no more than 48
hours per week with at least one day off for every seven day period; voluntary
overtime paid at a premium rate and not to exceed 12 hours per week on a regular
basis; overtime may be mandatory if part of a collective bargaining agreement
Remuneration: Wages paid for a standard work week must meet the legal and
industry standards and be sufficient to meet the basic need of workers and their
families; no disciplinary deductions
Management system for Human Resources: Facilities seeking to gain and maintain
certification must go beyond simple compliance to integrate the standard into their
management systems and practices.

Additional Notes on SA 8000

SA8000 certified companies as of June,2008) include roughly 1700

facilities in 64 countries and 61 industrial sectors employing roughly
900,000 people. Countries with most SA8000 certified companies
include Brazil, India, China & Italy.

The requirements of SA8000 are mainly based on 13 ILO

conventions pertaining to social protection (www.ellipson.com/)

SA8000 can be ordered through Council of Economic Priority

Accreditation Agency (CEPAA) using CEPAA website (www.cepaa.org)

Do a case study on one of the SA8000 certified company;

demonstrate the impact of certification and benefits of the program
(Beauty Essential Co. Ltd. of Thailand; Gucci, Italy; Gap or any others)

The Houston Principles (HP1)

HP1 represents one of the landmarks of corporate sustainability. The HP bring to the forefront a new set of principles
that calls for corporate accountability to employees, the environment and the livelihood of the communities where the
business is done. On May 19, 1999 environment and labor leaders confronted Mr. Charles Hurwitz, the CEO of
Maxxam Corporation (which owned Kaiser Aluminum and Pacific Lumber Company) demanding that the corporation
be held accountable for impact of its operation on the employees, communities and the environment. At that time, by
clear- cutting ancient redwoods in Northern California and by locking out striking workers in five cities, the Maxxam
Corporation became an icon of Corporate unsustainability.
Whereas
-

The spectacular accumulation of wealth by corporations and Americas most affluent during the past two decades has come with a huge
price tag
Corporations have become more powerful than the government entities designed to regulate them
The goal of a giant, global corporation is to maximize wealth and to wield political power on its own behalf
Too often, corporate leaders regard working people, communities, and the natural world as resources to be used and thrown away
Recognizing the tremendous stakes, labor unions and environmental advocates are beginning to recognize our common ground
We may not agree on everything, we are determined to accelerate our efforts to make alliances as often as possible

We believe that
-

The
-

A healthy future for the economy and the environment requires a dynamic alliance between labor, management and environmental
advocates
The same forces that threaten economic and biological sustainability undermine the democratic process
The drive for short-term profits without regard for long-term sustainability hurts working people, communities and the earth
Labor, environmental and community groups need to take action to organize as a counter-balance to abusive corporate power
environmental and labor advocates who have signed these principles resolve to work together to :
Remind the public that the original purpose behind the creation of corporations was to serve the public interest namely working people,
communities and earth
Seek stricter enforcement of labor laws and advocates of new laws to gurantee working people their right to bargain collectively
Make workplaces, communities and the planet a safer by reducing waste and greenhouse gas emissions
Demand that global trade agreements include enforceable labor and environmental standards
Promote forward-thinking business models that allow for sustainability over the long-term while protecting working people, communities
and the environment
This ground-breaking alliance of labor and environmentalists invites all people to join with us in a spirit of creative cooperation; Together
we can forge a partnership that protects people and the planet

OECD GUIDELINES

Reputation Institute

Top sustainable company?

CS Ranking of the S&P500 companies

(undertaken by TSI)
Ranking criteria & assumptions:
1. Customers: deserve high quality products, complete information,remeadies for
problems and respect
2. Employees: deserve dignity, fair and non-discriminatory wage, work in a safe
environment and to associate freely
3. Owners & Investors: deserve fair and competitive return, transparent operations
& an appropriate voice in corporate governance
4. Suppliers: deserve mutual respect & long-term stability in turn for value, quality,
competitiveness and employment practices that respect human dignity
5.Competitors: deserve fair & respectful competition
6. Communities : deserve the support of public policies that promote human
development and raise the standards of health and safety, education and economic and
social well-being
7. The Environment : deserves protection & improvement through sustainable
business practices
8. Fundamental duties: In addition to measuring impact on seven specific
stakeholders, the ranking methodology also address the fundamental duties of a
company best captured by trust and transparency in terms of the companys adherence
to international standards, its commitment to information dissemination, fair trade
practices and ethical behavior.
2/190-194

Total Social Impact(TSI) is an organization with a broad mission to promote

appropriate standards of corporate responsibility, behavior and citizenship in a
global society. TSI achieves its mission by supporting and encouraging
sustainable business leadership that is best defined as the way business people
lead and manage to create a global society that is prosperous, sustainable and
equitable.
TSIs CS rankings are based on information available about companies in eight
categories which are equally weighted except for the trust and transparency
which is given triple weight (30% for this category and 10% for each of the seven
remaining categories). There are 10 benchmarks within each categories
, 80 in total.
(Pl. see 2/190-193)

Highest CS ratings
for S&P 500 companies(2002)*
(22 out of 50 )

Bank of America
Dow Chemical
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
Fannie Mae
Ford Motor
General Motors
Gilette Co.
HP
Home Depot
IBM
Lockheed Martin Corp.

McDonalds Corp
Motorola Inc.
Nike Inc.
Proctor & Gamble
Prudential Financial
Reebok International
Sunoco Inc.
Texas Instruments
Unocal Corp
Xerox Corp

Global pulse survery 2010

Ten rules for writing Corporate Sustainability Report

1.Describe your company in a way that sets the stage for a discussion of
environmental and social consideration
2. Project a sustained, visionary, and realistic concern for the
environment and for society
3.Identify and describe the environmental and social stakeholders that
are important to your company
4. Describe the policies, systems, and organizational structure you use to
manage environmental and social issues
5.Describe the environmental and social aspects and impacts faced by
your company
6.Select numerical indicators of environmental and social performance
that can be compared in your company
7. Describe interesting environmental and social initiatives and mitigation
measures
8.Present your companys environmental and social performance data
clearly and graphically
9.Describe environmental and social costs and investments
and
10. Set concrete ,numerical environmental and social goals and commit
yourself to improvement

Influence of CS on people*
US
45%
UK
42%
Italy
35%
France
34%
Germany 28%
Spain
26%
___________________________
*Consumers who have chosen to buy product/service because of companys cs
reputation (based on 1000 sample survey per market). From A New Mindset for CSa study co-sponsored by BT & CISCO (2006)

Top 5 sustainable companies

Royal Dutch/Shell*
BP
Interface
Suncor
DuPont
_________________
*43 world experts interviewed by Bob Willard
:The Next Sustainability Wave(2005)
17/38,41

Microsoft*
Toyota
General Electric
IBM
BP
________________
*survey of 903 CEOs in 20 countries by
Financial Times & Pricewaterhouse
Coopers(2003)

CS Ranking of the S&P500 companies

(undertaken by TSI)
Ranking criteria & assumptions:
1. Customers: deserve high quality products, complete information,remeadies for problems and
respect
2. Employees: deserve dignity, fair and non-discriminatory wage, work in a safe environment
and to associate freely
3. Owners & Investors: deserve fair and competitive return, transparent operations & an
appropriate voice in corporate governance
4. Suppliers: deserve mutual respect & long-term stability in turn for value, quality,
competitiveness and employment practices that respect human dignity
5.Competitors: deserve fair & respectful competition
6. Communities : deserve the support of public policies that promote human development and
raise the standards of health and safety, education and economic and social well-being
7. The Environment : deserves protection & improvement through sustainable business
practices
8. Fundamental duties: In addition to measuring impact on seven specific stakeholders, the
ranking methodology also address the fundamental duties of a company best captured by trust and
transparency in terms of the companys adherence to international standards, its commitment to
information dissemination, fair trade practices and ethical behavior.
2/190-194

Total Social Impact(TSI) is an organization with a broad mission to promote

appropriate standards of corporate responsibility, behavior and citizenship in a
global society. TSI achieves its mission by supporting and encouraging
sustainable business leadership that is best defined as the way business people
lead and manage to create a global society that is prosperous, sustainable and
equitable.
TSIs CS rankings are based on information available about companies in eight
categories which are equally weighted except for the trust and transparency
which is given triple weight (30% for this category and 10% for each of the seven
remaining categories). There are 10 benchmarks within each categories
, 80 in total.
(Pl. see 2/190-193)

Highest CS ratings
for S&P 500 companies(2002)*
(22 out of 50 )

Bank of America
Dow Chemical
Du Pont
Eastman Kodak
Fannie Mae
Ford Motor
General Motors
Gilette Co.
HP
Home Depot
IBM
Lockheed Martin Corp.

McDonalds Corp
Motorola Inc.
Nike Inc.
Proctor & Gamble
Prudential Financial
Reebok International
Sunoco Inc.
Texas Instruments
Unocal Corp
Xerox Corp

Notes on principles & evolution of CS

WCED : 1983 GA resolution 38/161 suggested establishment of a special commission to propose a

long-term environment and development strategy to promote sustainable development. Our
common future floated the concept of sustainable development and recognized the vital need
for active participation of all sectors of society . Besides, the Commission viewed environment
and development as two sides of the same coin.
CERES : is a non-profit organization consisting of over 80 investors from North America forming a
network of investors, environmental organizations and other public interest groups working
together to help corporations large, medium and small, to address their sustainability
challenges. Ceres also launched a CS reporting system called Global Reporting Initiative (GRI).
The GRI is used by over 1200 global corporations in reporting on their environmental, social
and economic fronts. Following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska, Ceres adopted 10
principles of CS which are:
1.
Protect the biospheres; 2.Use natural resources in a sustainable manner; 3. Reduce and
dispose of wastes; 4. Conserve energy; 5. Minimize environmental and occupational health and
safety risks; 6. Minimize and where possible, eliminate the use of products and services that
may cause damage to human health or the ecosystem
7..Inform public constantly and seek the advice of community of actions which may affect their lives;
8.Get environmental commitment of the CEO and the Board of Directors ; 9.Conduct environmental
audits of the company and make such reports available to the public; and finally: 10.On the
basis of these principles establish an environmental ethic against which the environmental
performance of companies can be assessed.
(www.ceres.org)

Notes on principles & evolution of CS

ICLEI(1990): ICLEI was founded in 1990 as the 'International Council for Local Environmental
Initiatives'. The Council was established when more than 200 local governments from 43 countries
convened at our inaugural conference, the World Congress of Local Governments for a Sustainable
Future, at the United Nations in New York.
951 cities, towns, counties, and their associations worldwide comprise ICLEI's growing
membership. ICLEI works with these and hundreds of other local governments through international
performance-based, results-oriented campaigns and programs.
ICLEI provides technical consulting, training, and information services to build capacity, share
knowledge, and support local government in the implementation of sustainable development at the
local level. Our basic premise is that locally designed initiatives can provide an effective and costefficient way to achieve local, national, and global sustainability objectives.
(www.iclei.org)
PP(1992): Precautionary Principle: When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the
environment, precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause and effect relationships
are not fully established scientifically. In this context the proponent of an activity, rather than the
public, should bear the burden of proof. Critics say that the precautionary principle is not welldefined. However, the Science and Environmental Health Network (SEHN) points out that, in all
formulations of the precautionary principle, we find three elements: 1) When we have a reasonable
suspicion of harm, and 2) scientific uncertainty about cause and effect, then 3) we have a duty to
take action to prevent harm.
FSC(1993) : Forestry Stewardship Council
Founded in 1993 as an independent international non-profit organization, the objective of FSC
is :to promote environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial and economically viable
management of worlds forests. Although there a4re other forest certification agencies (such as
American Tree Farm System and Canadian Standards Association), FSC is rapidly establishing
itself as the most credible certifying agency for forest products in the world. By now FSC has
already certified 42 million hectares of forest products in 60 countries around the world

World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD)

Founded in 1995 by Swiss businessman (Stephen Schmidheiny) under the patronage of the UN,
WBCSD is a CEO-led ,global association of some 200 international corporations throughout the
globe. Among its members are:GM,DuPont,3M, Deutsche Bank, Coca- Cola, Sony ,BP, Wall
Mart, Royal Dutch Shell.
Council provides platform for companies to promote corporate sustainability.
A 2003 WB/IFC study found WBCSD as one of the most influential forums for companies on
corporate sustainability issues
WBCSD disseminates ten messages to corporations
(i) business is good for sustainable development and vice-versa
(ii) business can not succeed in societies that fail
(iii) poverty is a key enemy to stable society
(iv) access to markets for all supports sustainable development
(v) good governance is needed to make business apart of the solution
(vi) accountability, ethics, transparency, environmental and social responsibility and trust are
basic pre-requisites of successful business
(vii) innovation and technology development are crucial to sustainability of business
(viii) eco-efficiency doing more with less- is at the core of the business case for sustainable
development
(ix) ecosystem in balance a prerequisite for business
(x) cooperation beats confrontation; confrontation puts the solution at risk; cooperation and
creative partnership foster corporate sustainability

Ceres principles/ Valdez principles*

* CERES : is a non-profit organization consisting of over 80 investors from North America forming a network of
investors, environmental organizations and other public interest groups working together to help corporations large,
medium and small, to address their sustainability challenges. Ceres also launched a CS reporting system called Global
Reporting Initiative (GRI). The GRI is used by over 1200 global corporations in reporting on their environmental, social
and economic fronts. Following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska, Ceres adopted 10 principles of CS which are:

1. Protection of the Biosphere

We will reduce and make continual progress toward eliminating the release of any substance that may cause environmental damage to the air,
water, or the earth or its inhabitants. We will safeguard all habitats affected by our operations and will protect open spaces and wilderness, while
preserving biodiversity.
2. Sustainable Use of Natural Resources
We will make sustainable use of renewable natural resources, such as water, soils and forests. We will conserve non-renewable natural resources
through efficient use and careful planning.
3.Reduction and Disposal of Wastes
We will reduce and where possible eliminate waste through source reduction and recycling. All waste will be handled and disposed of through safe
and responsible methods.
4. Energy Conservation
We will conserve energy and improve the energy efficiency of our internal operations and of the goods and services we sell. We will make every
effort to use environmentally safe and sustainable energy sources.
5. Risk Reduction
We will strive to minimize the environmental, health and safety risks to our employees and the communities in which we operate through safe
technologies, facilities and operating procedures, and by being prepared for emergencies.
6.Safe Products and Services
We will reduce and where possible eliminate the use, manufacture or sale of products and services that cause environmental damage or health or
safety hazards. We will inform our customers of the environmental impacts of our products or services and try to correct unsafe use.
7. Environmental Restoration
We will promptly and responsibly correct conditions we have caused that endanger health, safety or the environment. To the extent feasible, we will
redress injuries we have caused to persons or damage we have caused to the environment and will restore the environment.
8. Informing the Public
We will inform in a timely manner everyone who may be affected by conditions caused by our company that might endanger health, safety or the
environment. We will regularly seek advice and counsel through dialogue with persons in communities near our facilities. We will not take any
action against employees for reporting dangerous incidents or conditions to management or to appropriate authorities.
9. Management Commitment
We will implement these Principles and sustain a process that ensures that the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer are fully informed
about pertinent environmental issues and are fully responsible for environmental policy. In selecting our Board of Directors, we will consider
demonstrated environmental commitment as a factor.
10.Audits and Reports
We will conduct an annual self-evaluation of our progress in implementing these Principles. We will support the timely creation of generally
accepted environmental audit procedures. We will annually complete the Ceres Report, which will be made available to the public.

Ten rules for writing corporate

sustainability report (CSR)