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Welding Definitions :
Welding is the joining of multiple pieces of metal by the use of heat and
or pressure. A union of the parts is created by fusion or recrystallization
across the metal interface. Welding can involve the use of filler material,
or it can involve no filler.
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Purpose:
To become more familiar with the welding process and its effects
on the material
To look at the changes in microstructure and the hardness in the
Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)
Welding defects, their cause and preventative Measures
Industrial radiography techniques
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Type of Welding:
Arc Welding
Tig Welding
Arc Welding :
A fusion welding process in which the coalescence of the metals
is achieved by the heat from an electric arc between an
electrode
and the work.
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Engineering Material:
The Engineering metals play an important role in an industry, because the
process of all manufacturing starts with the raw materials.
The materials, mainly used in actual practice may be broadly divided.
Metals
Metels
Ferrous Metals
Ferrous Metals :
The metals, which contain iron as their main constituent, are called
Ferrous Metals. The various ferrous metals used in industry are
Pig Iron ,Cast Iron ,Wrought Iron and Steel
Non-Ferrous Metals :
The metals, which contain a metal other than iron as their main
constituent, are called Non-Ferrous Metals. The various Non-Ferrous
metals used in industry are
Aluminum , Copper , Zinc , Brass
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Steel:
Steel is the generic term for a large family of Iron-Carbon alloys, which are
malleable, within some temperature range, immediately after solidification
form the molten state. The principle raw materials used in steel making are
Iron ore, Coal, and Limestone
Carbon Steel :
Is steel that owes its distinctive properties chiefly to the carbon is contains. A
steel qualifies as a Carbon Steel while it contains the following materials at
the rated percentage.
Manganese - 1.65 % (maximum)
Silicon - - 0.60 % (maximum)
Copper - - 0.60 % (maximum)
SRI/ TM / 43 /I01/ R 01/08 JUL 2014
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Alloy steels:
Is steel that owes its distinctive properties chiefly to same element or
elements other that carbon, or jointly to such other elements and carbon.
Alloy steels posses high yield point and high strength. They are more
stronger, tougher and fatigue resistant than carbon steel.
Classification of Alloy Steel:
Low Alloy Steel
Medium Alloy Steel
High Alloy Steel
SRI/ TM / 43 /I01/ R 01/ 08 JUL 2014
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STAINLESS STEEL
Stainless steels are high-alloy steels and have superior
corrosion resistant to the carbon and conventional low-alloy steels
because they contain relatively large amount of Chromium.
CLASSFICATION OF STAINLESS STEEL
Austenitic:
In austenitic steel metal atoms are arranged in Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Feritic:
In ferritic steel metal atoms are arranged in Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Martensitic:
In martensitic steel metal atoms are arranged in Body Centered Teragonal
(BCT)
SRI/ TM / 43 /I01/ R 01/ 08 JUL 2014
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ENGG.MATERIALS
CERAMIC
FERROUS METALS
PIG IRON
CAST IRON
CARBONSTEEL
LOW C.S
LOW A.S
AUSTENITI
ORGANIC
METALS
MEDIUM C.S
MEDIUM A.S
FERITIC
NON-FERROUS METALS
WROUGHTSTEEL
ALLOY STEEL
HIGH C.S
HIGH A.S
MART ENSITIC
WROUGH IRON
STAINLESS
STEEL
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