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- Aritro Dasgupta

Importance of Tourism
Planning

Tourism Planning
Tourism

planning is the dynamic


process of determining goals,
systematically selecting alternative
courses of action, implementing the
chosen alternatives & evaluating the
choice if it is successful
Takes in to account inter-related &
inter-dependent components like
political, physical, economic & social
elements

Tourism Planning
Usually

top-down approach but often


bottom up as well
More on strategy side initially, less
on tactical
Strives to achieve objectives by
matching available resources &
programmes with the needs & wants
of people
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Importance of Tourism
Planning
Experience

of many areas has


clearly demonstrated that on long
term basis, planed approach to
develop tourism can bring benefits
without significant problems
Tourism complicated activity
overlapping several different sectors
of society & economy
Can avoid unexpected & unwanted
impacts of faulty tourism planning

Stages of Tourism
Planning
Macro

Level: concerned with


tourism development policies,
structure plans, facility standards &
institutional factors
Micro Level: detailed plans for
tourism attractions, resorts, urban,
rural & other forms of tourism
development
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Major Benefits of Tourism


Planning
Gives

overall direction to purpose of


tourism in the area
Maintenance of natural & cultural
resources
Integrating tourism within overall
development policies & establish
linkage between tourism & other
sectors
Providing rational basis for decision
making by public & private players in

Major Benefits of Tourism


Planning
Making

possible coordinated
development of different elements in
tourism sector; inter-relating tourist
attractions, activities, facilities &
services
Optimizing & balancing economic,
environmental & social benefits of
tourism
Providing physical structure to guide
location, types & extent of tourism

Major Benefits of Tourism


Planning
Offering

baseline for continuous


monitoring of progress of tourism
development & keeping it on track
Providing framework for effective
public & private sector cooperation
Guidelines & standards for preparing
detailed plans

Approaches to Tourism
Planning

Integrated System
Tourism

planning must be an
integrated system
Must balance supply & demand sides

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Demand Factors
International

tourist markets
Domestic tourist markets
Residents use of tourist attractions,
facilities & services

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Supply Factors
Attractions

& activities
Accommodation
Other tourist facilities & services
Transportation
Other infrastructure
Institutional elements

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Institutional Elements in
Tourism
Organizational

structures like
government tourism offices & private
sector tourism associations
Tourism related legislation &
regulations like standards &
licensing, requirements for hotel and
tour & travel agencies
Education & training programmes to
enable students to work effectively
in tourism sector

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Institutional Elements in
Tourism
Availability

of financial capital to develop


tourist attractions, facilities, services &
infrastructure and mechanisms to attract
capital investment
Travel facilitation of immigration,
customs & other facilities & services at
entry & exit points
Marketing & promotion strategies to
inform tourists about country/ region &
induce them to visit those destinations
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Planning for Sustainable


Development
Achieving

sustainability i.e. long


term development has now emerged
as most crucial in the tourism
industry
Concept emerged in the early 1980s
Involves preservation of natural &
man-made tourist attractions so that
tourism can be viable at the
destination for as long as possible
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Planning for Sustainable


Development
Not

just reducing environmental


degradation & footprint to the lowest
level possible; also improving natural
capital as that will ensure greater
tourist returns
Preserving local cultural heritage as
much as possible
Limiting chances of the
commoditization of cultures
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Techniques in Sustainable
Tourism Development
Environmental

planning approach:
environment carefully surveyed,
analyzed & considered in
determining type & location of
development
Emphasizes community based
tourism; properties owned/operated
by local community; instills feeling of
ownership & reduces environmental
& cultural erosion; reduces revenue

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Quality/ Niche Tourism


Offering

of best facilities at exotic


locales to niche target market only
Usually hyper expensive
Focus on quality at all cost
Greater product customization for
individual tourists & strong personal
touch

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Long Range & Strategic


Planning
Concerned

with specifying goals &


objectives over long range of time
10-20 years time span looking
towards future
Need to take in to consideration
future changes in climatic conditions,
economic developments, political
upheavals & social mores
Contingency plans a must as
environment volatile

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Strategy & Policy

Developme
nt actions

0-5
Years

Developme
nt strategy

5-10
Years

Long range
policy & plan

10-20
Years

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Tactical Planning
Tactics

refer to the intricate details of


narrow targets/projects
In tourism tactics involves details on
accommodation, facilities, price
range, cuisine etc.
Sometimes ignores the long term
benefit in facilitating short term
gains
Thus coordination between strategic
policy makers & implementers

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Top-Down Tourism
Planning
Decision

making by top
management of area usually political
representatives, senior bureaucrats
& hoteliers of big chains
Strategic long term planning
Decisions made on basis of
extensive data collected & analysis
conducted
Decisions made for whole sums
rather than small units

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Advantages of Top-Down
Tourism Planning
Long

term plans can be implemented


Broad strategy can be framed taking
into consideration various
stakeholders
Greater good can be taken care of
even if it results in some losses
Large areas can only be worked by
this approach
Less time consuming during policy
formulation

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Disadvantages of Top-Down
Tourism Planning
Sometimes

ignores ground realities


In the name of greater good, populist
decisions made to appease majority
or more powerful stakeholders
Minute details may be overlooked
leading to tactical problems while
executing the plans
Greater chances of corruption at the
top among policy makers
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Bottom Up Tourism
Planning
Decision

making by top
management of area with extensive
consultation with stakeholders i.e.
local panchayat leaders, tribal chiefs,
small business groups, consumer
forums etc.
Short to medium term planning
Decisions made on basis of
experience & gut feeling
Decisions made for small units one

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Advantages of Bottom-Up
Tourism Planning
Nitty-gritty

& intricate details


carefully studied
Small stakeholder groups
considerations taken in to account as
more democratic approach
Ground realities better understood
as local provide inputs

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Disdvantages of Bottom-Up
Tourism Planning
Too

much interference of small


stakeholder groups may result in
only narrow interest groups
appeased at the cost of isolating
other groups
Greater chances of corruption among
stakeholders as they wield enormous
power
To much focus on intricate details
may ignore the bigger picture

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Thank You

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