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Electrical Standards
Hazard Brainstorming
Where are electrical hazards on oil and
gas well sites?
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Statistics
Electrocution: Among most frequent
causes of occupational injury death in
US
295 fatalities/year; 4309 lost time
1992-2002: 9% decrease
Most frequent cause: Overhead power
lines
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Hazard Recognition
How can you sense electrical danger?
Cannot see, smell, taste, or hear danger
Can recognize unsafe conditions
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Electrical Terminology
Current movement of electrical charge
Resistance opposition to current flow
Voltage measure of electrical force
Conductors substances with little
resistance to electricity (such as metals)
Insulators substances with high resistance
to electricity (such as wood, rubber, glass, &
bakelite)
Grounding a conductive connection to the
earth (which acts as a protective measure)
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Electrical Shock
Received when current passes through
body
Severity depends on:
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Wire Gauge
WIRE
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Other Standards
NFPA 70E enacted to help meet CFR
Revised Subpart S based heavily on 2000
version
2004 version now published
OSHA chose which provisions of 70E to
adopt
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1903.303
General
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1910.303(b) Examination,
installation, and use of equipment
Examination shall be free of
recognized hazards
Suitability (check listing/labeling)
Other factors listed in regulation
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1910.303(b) Examination,
installation, and use of equipment
Circuit impedance
Deteriorating agents water, gases,
excessive temperature, corrosives
Mechanical execution of work
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1910.303(b) Examination,
installation, and use of equipment
Mounting and cooling
Firmly secured
Air circulation; clearance
Ventilation openings not obstructed
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1910.303(c) Electrical
connections
General dissimilar metals
Terminals connections
Splices correctly performed, insulated
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1910.303(e) Marking
Manufacturer and ratings must be
marked
Voltage, current, wattage, etc.
Durable markings in environment
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1910.303(f) Disconnecting
means and circuits
Legibly marked to indicate purpose
Unless purpose is evident
Durable
Able to be locked open
Series combination rating = special
marking
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FOR EXAMPLE
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1903.304
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Polarity
Reversed polarity: Neutral (grounded)
conductor connected to hot
(ungrounded) terminal
incorrectly
Most common on smaller
branch circuits
120 V receptacle outlets
Cord- and plug-connected
equipment
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FOR EXAMPLE
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Pedestrians? Platform
Exceptions for slope, attachment
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1910.304(e) Services
Disconnecting means
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1910.304(f) Overcurrent
protection
1. 600 volts, nominal, or less
i. Protect conductors and equipment
iv. Overcurrent devices readily accessible
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1910.304(g) Grounding
1. Systems to be grounded
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
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1910.304(g) Grounding
2. Conductor to be grounded
3. Portable and vehicle-mounted
generators: frame as grounding
electrode
4. Grounding connections
5. Grounding path: permanent,
continuous, effective
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Grounding
One conductor of the circuit
intentionally grounded to earth
Protects circuit from lightning
or other high voltage contact
Stabilizes the voltage in the system so
expected voltage levels are not
exceeded under normal conditions
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Grounding
Metal frames / enclosures of equipment
grounded by permanent connection or
bond
Equipment grounding conductor
provides path for dangerous fault
current to return to ground
If damage, corrosion, loosening, etc.
impairs continuity, shock and burn
hazards will develop
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Grounding Path
Shall have capacity to conduct safely
any likely fault current.
Fault currents may be many times
normal currents; can melt points of poor
conductivity
High temperatures = hazard; can
destroy ground-fault path
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1910.304(g) Grounding
6. Supports, enclosures, equipment
vi. Exposed non-current-carrying metal parts
of cord- and plug-connected equipment
7. Nonelectrical equipment
8. Methods of grounding fixed
equipment
9. Grounding of systems and circuits
1000 volts and over (high voltage)
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1903.305
i.
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Restricted uses
Removed after project completion
Requirements for feeders and branch
circuits
Grounding receptacles
No bare conductors or earth returns
Disconnecting switches
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1910.305(c) Switches
Gravity must not close switches
Warning if power may still be available
while switch is closed
Faceplates where appropriate
Grounding
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1903.306
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1903.307
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1910.307(c) Electrical
installations
Equipment must be one of these:
Intrinsically safe
Approved for hazardous (classified)
location
Approved and marked for class and properties
of material present
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1910.307(f) Protection
techniques
Explosionproof
apparatus
Dust ignitionproof
Dust-tight
Purged and
pressurized
Nonincendive circuit
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Nonincendive
equipment
Nonincendive
component
Oil immersion
Hermetically sealed
Other protection
techniques
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1910.308
Special Systems
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1910.399
Definitions
1904.399 Definitions
New version supersedes older version
in CFR book
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1910.331-1910.335
1910.331 Scope
Qualified persons (who have training in
avoiding the electrical hazards)
Unqualified persons (with little or no
such training)
Working on or near:
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Premises wiring
Wiring for connection to supply
Other wiring
Vehicles excluded
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1910.332 Training
a. Scope: employees with electric shock
risk not reduced to safe level by
installation requirements
b. Training content:
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Employees to be Trained
Electricians and welders
Any others if:
work they do or supervise
comes close enough to exposed parts of
electric circuits 50V
for hazard to exist
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1910.333
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Deenergizing equipment
Application of locks and tags
Verification of deenergized condition
Reenergizing equipment after work
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Qualified person:
Closer approach only with insulation
Table S-5: distance varies by voltage
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Requires safeguards
No conductive cleaning materials,
including liquid solutions
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1910.334
Use of Equipment
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1910.335
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FOR EXAMPLE
FOR EXAMPLE
FOR EXAMPLE
FOR EXAMPLE
FOR EXAMPLE
FOR EXAMPLE
OSHA Resources
Pub 3075 Controlling Electrical Hazards
Small Business Handbook section
Inspection Procedures
Electrical Safety-Related Work Practices -Inspection Procedures and Interpretation G
uidelines
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Interpretations
Training requirements for employees who
perform non-electrical work on electri
cal equipment
Qualifications for resetting circuits or
replacing fuses; electrical enclosures mu
st be approved
Use of compressed air above 30 p.s.i
. for cleaning purposes; nonmetallic-she
athed cable for temporary wiring
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