Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Radiation Mechanism
Dipole antenna-Fundamentals
Introduction
• Antenna:
– A radiating device
– A Transducer
– A matching element
• Any wire or a structure can radiate EM waves,
however, the shape and size should
compatible with local circuit, this study can
be extended as “Antenna Theory”
Transmission line
• A transmission line, of Z0 characteristics
impedance, is excited by a source
+
tapering
Vertical tapering
• By vertical tapering, the electric fields will
have a curvature shape.
•
Give a sinusoidal signal
λ/2
R
dl
Retarded Vector Potential; A
•
r
• [ I ] = I m sin ( ωt − βr ) dl
•
• The vector potential
• µId µJ
A=∫ =∫ ∫4πr dv Pot. Integral
• 4πr z
Az ( r )
• θ
r
µ / 2 e − jkr I the only
Az =
4π ∫−/ 2 I r
dz ẑ
φ
y component
µ Ie − jkr
Az = zˆ
4π r
In spherical form
Aθ = 0
Aφ = 0
w her η= µ
ε
e
• consider the Hφ
•
I e − jkr e − jkr
Hφ = Sin θ j + 2
2λ r kr
Near Far
Fiel Fiel
d d
k sin ( kr ) cos( kr )
− =
r r2
By approximation;
k 1 λ ri=0.159λ
= 2 r = 1/ k =
r r 2π
ηΙ l sin θ − jkr
Eθ ≈ je
2λ r In -p h a se
Il
Hφ ≈ sin θ je -jkr
2λ r
Eθ
Zw = ≈η
Hφ
C a lle d “ W a ve im p e n d e n ce ”
Radiation pattern
• Consider the far-field condition:
ηΙ l sin θ
Eθ ≈
2λ r
Il
Hφ ≈ sin θ
2λ r
z
r
θ
I
y
φ
x
Power density
• The poynting vector:
•
•
• The radical and transverse components
R r is radiation resistance
Proble
m
• Find the Radiation resistance of a
dipole antenna about length of
λ/50.