Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
PSM Components
Abstract
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Reference
Appendix
School of Informatics Science, UMS, Labuan 23 May 2014
Abstract
1. Introduction/Background:
What do we know about the topic?
2. Aim/problem statement:
What is the objective? Why do you want to investigate/examine?
What is the study about?
3. Methods/procedure/approach:
What did you actually do to get your results? (e.g. questionnaire , interview,
experiment, case study, observation )
R
C
4. Results/findings:
As a result of completing the above procedure, what did you
learn/invent/create?
What was discovered?
5. Conclusion/Discussion/ Recommendation:
What do the findings mean?
School of Informatics Science, UMS, Labuan 23 May 2014
Avoid Jargon
-
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
A statement
on existing
studies,
including
identifying the
research gap
A statement
of purpose
1.3 Objective
Statement of Purpose
Objectives
This study/project/research
sets out to
focuses on
investigates
studies
visualises
presents
demonstrates
considers
reviews
is concerned with
1.4 Scope
Introduction
Overview of chapter
Body
Deductive Approach/Inductive Approach
Compare and Contrast
Closing
Conclusion
Introduction
Elements that can be included in the Introduction:
A brief restatement of the general topic and issue or problem to
provide a context for the review that follows
Example:
The chapter begins with a review of Some issues in obtaining
reliable and accurate are discussed. Meteorological features
including , are presented to provide an understanding of the
study problem.
Body
Deductive Approach/Inductive Approach
Body
Compare and Contrast
i) To express overviews,
statements of main points
OR a generally accepted
scientific fact
i) To refer to an
action/event/activity that
began and ended at a
specific time in the past
Example: An
Electromagnetic Field (also
EMF OR em FIELD) is a
physical field produced by
movement.
Reporting verbs
Examples: claim, suggest, prove, describe, outline, present,
propose, recommend, show, stress, support, subscribe to,
investigate, explore
Dal et al. (2013) pointed out the
Hansen (2012) described the OEE as a ...
Schmenner and Vollmann (2013) showed in an empirical study that
Linkers
Contrast
In spite of / Despite: Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a
noun phrase.
Although / (Even) though: Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by
a sentence.
However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even so / On the
contrary / In contrast: Introduce a new idea which marks a contrast
with previously stated ideas. Introduced by a comma.
On the one hand ... On the other hand: Links two contrasting
ideas / paragraphs.
In contrast to / Contrary to: Link two contrasting ideas. Followed by a
noun phrase.
Whereas: Link two contrasting ideas. Not separated by commas.
School of Informatics Science, UMS, Labuan 23 May 2014
Linkers
Reason and cause
As / Since / Seeing that: Introduce a sentence.
Subordinate sentences introduced by because always appear in final
position.
On account of / Owing to / Due to: Introduce a noun phrase.
Purpose
In order to / So as to: Introduce an infinitive of purpose.
In order that / So that: Introduce a sentence.
Linkers
Consequence
Consequently / As a consequence / As a result / Therefore
As a consequence of / As a result of: Followed by a noun phrase.
Addition
Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides: Used after a strong
pause and separated from the sentences. They are introduced by
a comma.
As well as / In addition to / Besides: Used to add one more piece
of information. Followed by a noun phrase.
Linkers
Exemplification
For example / For instance: Introduces an example referring to
previously stated ideas.
Such as: Introduces an example referring to the last idea.
Simple present
Simple present
School of Informatics Science, UMS, Labuan 23 May 2014
Closing
Conclusion is usually short. Elements included are:
A summary of the main contributions to the area of study and the
most significant findings that relate to the problem under study
Example:
Research into the genre of theses has been Furthermore, a review
of the literature has shown that many studies investigated the
process of Until the 1990s, few studies investigated the ...
Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY
Chapter 4
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Introducing Results
inform the reader the overall content of the section
explain the procedure or method of the experiment/investigation
highlight graphical illustrations used in presenting the results
E.g. This chapter comprises of the results for EMF radiation that are
obtained from different arrangements of double circuit arrangement
lines. Six configurations of phase cable arrangements are used to
obtain the EMF wave of the transmission line. All input data for the 36
arrangements are displayed in Figures 4.0.
Simple present
Passive
Chapter 5
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
Tenses
Use Simple Present Tense
Giving background information
Indicating a gap
Stating the conclusion and recommendations
Use Simple Past or Present Tense
Stating the objectives
Use Past Tense
Describing method and/or materials
Presenting the findings
As mentioned earlier in the introduction, the purpose of this study are to design an
automatic pineapple cutting machine. This machine have proven to be invaluable as it is
able to do all the required process to produce a cylindrical shape of pineapple pulp
which are cutting the head and tail of the pineapple as well as to peel the skin and core of
the pineapple. The automatic pineapple cutting machine have three axis mechanism
movement applied to the machine. The machine was developed by combining three
major engineering basic that is electrical, electronic and mechanical engineering. There
is some modifications made to ensure the mechanism can function smoothly to achieve
the high performance of the machine. The most challenging part in development process
are to make the mechanism center and balance to move without the use of mechanical
machine like CNC, milling and grinding machine. The squaring process to the component
used is essential because it will cause the movement of mechanism to stuck and deflect.
It is recommended that further research be conducted on the system performance and
mechanical system to develop higher accuracy cutting machine and reduce the vibration
on the process.
Reference:APA style
Appendix
optional, additional piece of
information at the end of the
project
theory/picture/graph/diagram
Reference
1. Feasibility Study for a Statewide Higher Education Information Technology Network State of Connecticut.
(1996). Retrieved from
http://www.ctdhe.org/info/oldreports/rptErnst&Young/ey2.htm
2. Hernon, P & Schwartz, C. (2007). Editorial: What is a Problem Statement. Library & Information
Science Research 29 (2007) 307309.
3.
4.
Noorzan Mohd Noor & Glrenys, M.P. (2012). Writing Your Thesis. Kuala Lumpur: Prentice Hall
5. Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (2009). Abstracts and the Writing of Abstract. Volume 1 of the Revised
and Expanded Edition of English in Todays Research World. USA: The University of Michigan Press.