Chapter One

Definition and Significance of

Leadership

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publishing as Prentice Hall

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Learning Objectives
Define leadership and leadership effectiveness
Explain why people need leadership
Discuss the major obstacles to effective
leadership
Compare and contrast leadership and
management
List the roles and functions of leaders and
managers
Summarize the debate over the role and impact of
leadership in organizations
Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
publishing as Prentice Hall

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The blindfold activity

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An interactional framework for analysing

leadership
4

Situation

Source: Adapted from

E. P. Hollander, Leadership
Dynamics: A Practical Guide
to Effective Relationships,
New York: Free Press, 1978.

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 A leader may need to respond to various followers

differently in the same situation.
A leader may need to respond to the same
follower differently in different situations.
Followers may respond to various leaders quite
differently.
Followers may respond to each other differently
with different leaders.
Two leaders may have different perceptions of the
same followers or situations.
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Key Elements of Leadership

Group phenomenon no leaders
without followers , leadership involves
interpersonal influence
Goal-oriented leaders guide and
influence others towards a goal
Existence of hierarchy within the
group ,formal and well define or
informal and flexible
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Definition of Leadership
A leader is any person who influences
individuals and groups within an
organization, helps them in the
establishment of goals, and guides them
towards achievement of those goals,
thereby allowing them to be effective.

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Definition of Leadership
Effectiveness
Leaders are effective when their followers
achieve their goals, function well together,
and adapt to the changing demands of
external forces.

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Key Elements of Effectiveness

The group achieves its goals
The group members work well together
smooth internal functions
The group can adapt well to external
changes

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Why Do We Need Leaders?

To keep groups orderly
To keep focus on group goals
To accomplish complex tasks
To help make sense of the world by
providing validation
As a romantic ideal

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Obstacles to Effective Leadership

Environmental uncertainty
Organizational rigidity
Falling back on old ideas and simplistic
solutions
Established organizational culture
Inaccessible research

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Leadership and management

The word management suggest
words like efficiency, planning,
paperwork, procedures, regulations,
control, and consistency.
Leadership is more associated with
words like risk taking, dynamic,
creativity, change, and vision

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Leadership and Management

Managers

Leaders

Focus on the present

Focus on the future

Maintain the status quo

Create change

Implement policy

Initiate policy

Maintain existing culture Create new culture and

and structure
structure
Remain aloof and
objective

Establish emotional
bonds with followers

Use position power

Use personal power

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14

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Gender Differences in Roles

Male Managers
Unrelenting pace of work
Do a wide variety of tasks
Frequent interruptions
Little time to communicate
Few non-work activities
Isolation
Identity tied to work
Complex network
Prefer face-to-face

Female Managers
Calm steady pace of work
Frequent breaks
Did not perceive
interruptions
Schedule time for
communication
Many non-work activities
Connected to others
Multi-faceted identities
Complex network
Prefer face-to-face

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Leaders Role in Shaping Culture

Leader

Role
Reward
Strategy Modeling
Decision

Hiring
System
Structure

Organizational
Culture
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Leadership is Insignificant
Environment is more important than
leadership
Internal culture and structure determine
the course organization takes
Leadership accounts for only 7%-15% of
performance in some studies
Leaders have little discretion
Leadership is a romantic myth
Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
publishing as Prentice Hall

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Leadership is Significant
Leadership is one of many important
factors
Leaders provide vision and direction
Leaders are critical in orchestrating
change
Leadership can account for close to half of
performance in some cases
Leaderships impact is moderated by
situational factors
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The Impact of Leadership

Leadership is one of several key factors in
organizational performance
Leaders are essential in providing vision
and direction
Leaders impact differs in different
situations
Followers are also key to success

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New Roles for Leaders

Control-Oriented Leadership

Result-Oriented Leadership

Plan

Lead

Organize

Control

Plan
and
Organize

Lead
Do
Control
Results

Do

Leader assumes responsibility

Results

Follower assume responsibility

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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be

reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United
States of America.

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

publishing as Prentice Hall

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