Field Effect

Transistors
Circuit Analysis
HP PA8000

Fairchild
Clipper C100

Fujitsu 68903

EE314

FET Circuit Analysis

1.MOS Small Signal Equivalent
2.Transconductance
3.Common-Source Amplifiers
4.Source Follower
5.Logic gates

Chapter 12: Field

Effect Transistors

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit for FETs

Output signal from an amplifier using FET can be effectively
modulated by small changes of input signal current. In this way
it is possible to make small changes from the Q point.
Symbols:
The total quantities: iD(t), vGS(t)
The dc point values: IDQ, VGSQ
The signal id(t), vgs(t)

vGS (t ) VGSQ v gs (t )

i D (t ) I DQ id (t )

Characteristic

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit -Transconductance

Schematic
Analysis (a little bit of math)

iD K vGS Vt 0

I DQ id (t ) K VGSQ v gs (t ) Vt 0

I DQ id (t ) K VGSQ Vt 0 2 K VGSQ Vt 0 v gs t Kv gs2 (t )

2

We know that
Also we assume that

I DQ K VGSQ Vt 0
v gs (t ) VGSQ Vt 0

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit -Transconductance

Schematic

I DQ id (t ) K VGSQ Vt 0 2 K VGSQ Vt 0 v gs t Kv gs2 (t )

2

We know that
Also we assume that
Drain current generated
by signal

I DQ K VGSQ Vt 0
v gs (t ) VGSQ Vt 0

i d (t ) 2 K VGSQ Vt 0 v gs (t )

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit -Transconductance

We define the
transconductance as

gm

id (t )
v gs (t )

or

id (t ) g m v gs (t )
so

g m 2 K VGSQ Vt 0

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit -Transconductance

iD K vGS Vt 0

so

vGS Vt 0

I DQ
K

Thus the
transconductance

g m 2 K VGSQ Vt 0 2 KI DQ

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit -Transconductance

Exercise
The transistor has KP=50A/V2, Vto=2V, L=10m, and W=400m

W KP
1mA / V 2

L 2

g m 2 K VGSQ Vt 0 2(4 2) 4mS

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit

Also we assume that

ig (t ) 0
g m 2 KI DQ
W KP

Better performance is obtained with higher values of g m.

Please notice that gm is proportional to the square root
of the Q point drain current. Simply, we can increase g m
by choosing a higher value of IDQ.

More Complex Equivalent Circuits

For more accurate analyses of FET transistor we have to add more
components to an equivalent circuit.
Small capacitance: for high response FET amplifiers
Drain resistor: account for the effect of v DS on the drain current

Correction for id

id (t ) g m v gs (t ) vds / rd

Please read section: Transconductance and pp.591

Example 12.3

Drain Resistance Calculation

1
iD

rd vDS

so at vGS=4V

1
iD
10.7 10 mA 0.7

mS 0.175mS
10 6V
rd vDS
4

rd 5.7 k

Common-Source Amplifier
Schematic

D
S

Equivalent circuit

The dc supply voltage acts as a short circuit for the ac current.

Common-Source Amplifier
C1, C2 -coupling C

Schematic

Cs -bypass C

ac signal
G

D
S

Equivalent circuit

The dc supply voltage acts as a short circuit for the ac current.

Common-Source Amplifier: Gain, Rin and Rout

Equivalent circuit (once more)

1
R
1 / rd 1 / R D 1 / RL
'
L

Voltage gain

v0 g m v gs R L'
Av

vin v gs

v0
g m RL'
vin

Input resistance

Rin

vin
RG R1 R2
iin

From bias point analysis

Common-Source Amplifier: Gain, Rin and Rout

To find out the Rout we have to: disconnect the load, replace the signal
source by short circuit Thevenin equivalent resistance

No source
connected to the
input

Example 12.4

if vgs=0 then gmvgs=0

Output resistance

Rout

1 / R D 1 / rd

Source Follower

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit Source Follower

Notice that small
signal IDS goes up.
Why?

Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit Source Follower

RL'

1
1 / rd 1 / RS 1 / RL

Voltage gain

v0 g m v gs RL'

Input resistance

vin v gs vo v gs 1 g m RL'

v0
g m RL'
Av

1
'
vin 1 g m RL

vin
Rin
RG R1 R2
iin

Since the output voltage is almost equal to

the input hence the name source follower

Logic gates COMS Inverter

Logic truth table

Vin

V out

Switch level
equivalent
circuits

Logic gates COMS NAND gate

Logic truth table

V out

Logic gates COMS NOR gate

Exercise

Draw switch level circuits

for different inputs and
derive the truth table for
this gate

Logic gates COMS NOR gate

Logic truth table

V out