Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Road Management
Purpose:
Typical objectives:
Planning
Setting standards and policies
Long term estimates of expenditure
Programming
Preparation
Operations
Pavement standards
Alignments
5
Transport costs
Road accidents
6
HDM-4 Concept
Maintenance
standards
Environment
/ Climate
Reduced
Decrease
Role of HDM-4
Management Function
HDM-4 Application
Planning
Strategy Analysis
Programming
Programme Analysis
Preparation
Project Analysis
HDM-4 Applications
Road pricing
Vehicle regulations
HDM-4 Tool
Predict Road
Deterioration
Predict Road
Work Effects
Repeat
for all
years
VOC, Accident
& Time costs
Discount Annual
Costs & Compare
11
Output
NPV, IRR,..
Without
Overlay
With
Overlay
End of
Analysis
NPV
RUC
Cost of
Paving
End of
Analysis
HDM-4 History
Highway Cost
Model
1971
de Weille
1966
Kenya Study
1971-75
HDM-II
1981
HDM-4
HDM-VOC
Model 4
2000
1994
ISOHDM
HDM-III
1987
14
RTIM
(TRRL)
RTIM2
(TRL)
RTIM3
(TRL)
International Collaboration
HDM-III Development
1969-1971 Phase 1
- Conceptual Framework
- First Prototype
- VOC Study
- Road Deterioration Study
- VOC Study
1977-1982 Caribbean Study
1977-1983 India Study
- VOC Study
- VOC Study
- Road Deterioration Study
- Modeling
- MIT, TRRL
- LCPC
- The World Bank
- TRRL
- Kenya
- The World Bank
- TRRL
- Caribbean Countries
- CRRI - New Delhi
- GEIPOT - Brazil
- United Nations
- The World Bank
- Texas Research
- The World Bank
- PC Computer software
HDM-4 Sponsors
Overseas Development Administration (ODA/DFID)
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Swedish National Road Administration (SNRA)
Inter-American Federation on Cement Producers (FICEM)
The World Bank (IBRD)
The World Road Association (PIARC)
Steering Committee
(World Bank)
Other
Contributors
Secretariat
The University
of Birmingham
Technical
Advisors
ODA
ADB
SNRA
FICEM
The University
of Birmingham
N D Lea Int.
IKRAM
SweRoad
VTI
ICH (Chile)
Catholic Univ.
17
PIARC
Web: http://hdm4.piarc.org
Email: piarc.hdm4@ibm.net
Fax: 33-1+49 00 02 02
18
20
HDM-4 software
Case study data
sets
21
HDM Series
documents
equivalent)
32MB of RAM
30MB of hard disk space (for
program and documentation)
50MB of hard disk space (for storage
of run-data)
Windows XP, 95/98 or NT 4 with
Service Pack 6a installed
Desktop software. No server version
available
24
Limitations of HDM-III
Vehicle and tire technology in the VOC studies
bears little resemblance to those of modern
vehicles
HDM-III does not consider:
Traffic congestion (prior to 1995)
Rigid pavements
Many types of flexible pavements
Pavement texture and skid resistance
Freeze-thaw conditions
Traffic safety
Environmental impacts
Software for DOS environment
25
Pavements
Rigid pavements
More maintenance types
Drainage effects
Freezing climates effects
Road Users
New vehicle types
Characteristics of Modern Vehicles
Non-motorized traffic
Congestion effects
Accidents
Emissions & Energy consumption
26
Mainframe
HCM
1970
HDM-II
1975
HDM-III
1985
HDM-III
PC 1989
HDM-Q
PC 1995
Clipper / DOS
Windows
XP/95/98/NT
HDM-4 1.0
2000
HDM-4 1.3
2002
B
u
g
s
HDM-4 2.0
2005
HDM-4 2.04
2007
B
u
g
s
Comparison of Alternatives
Standards / Alternatives
Policies / Strategies
Norms / Options
Synonyms
30
Evaluation of Alternatives
Economic evaluation
Technical evaluation
Institutional evaluation
Financial evaluation
Social evaluation
Environmental evaluation
Political evaluation
31
HDM-4
Main
Focus
Transport Benefits
Reduce vehicle operating cost
Savings in time of passengers and
cargo
Reduction of accidents
Stimulate regional development
HDM-4
Benefits
In developing countries:
- traffic levels often much lower
- values given to travel time savings are far lower
- acute shortage of financial resources
- roughness is a main issue
33
Crisis-oriented approach
highway facilities are operated with little or no maintenance
until obstructive failure occurs that needs extensive
restoration and reconstruction work
Condition-responsive/financial approach
physical standards are set in relation to:
a) perceived technical requirements, b) acceptable service
levels, and c) received budget
34
HDM-4
Approach
Technical-economic Efficiency
Condition
Condition
12
10
Current
Condition
8
6
4
2
0
0
8
10
Year
12
14
16
18
Condition
12
Worst First?
90
Poor
Overall
Index
Terminal Life
10
Ride m/km
Distress %
Rut
mm
Structural #
Safety #
Index Rating
- Current Condition
- Deterioration Prediction
6
4
R.L.
2
0
0
8
10
Year
12
14
16
18
Benefits to Society?
Net present Value (at 12%)
120
Condition
12
- Current Condition
- Deterioration Prediction
- Maintenance Effects
- Vehicle Operating Costs
10
8
6
4
2
HDM-4
Approa
0
0
Remaining
Service Life
8
10
Year
12
14
16
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Agency Costs (at 12%)
18
35
Construction
Maintenance
Vehicle operation
Accidents
36
ROAD USERS
- Fuel, lubricants
- Maintenance
- Depreciation
- Time
- Accidents
MAINTENANCE
- Routine
- Pavement
- Structures
SYSTEM
OPERATION
- Traffic mgt.
- Safety
- Management
EXTERNAL
- Accidents
- Pollution
- Access
- Production
37
Total
Optimum
Road User
Road Works
Design Standards
38
Infrastructure
Road Users
Road Agency
m3
hours
liters
Consumption of Resources
X
Unit Costs
=
Total Society Costs
39
Financial Prices
Market Prices
Economic Prices
Shadow Prices
Social Prices
41
Moisture,
Temperature
Aging
Pavement
Materials,
Thickness
Cracking
Ravelling
Potholing
Rutting
Roughness
42
43
Driver,
Traffic
Flow
Vehicle
Characteristics
COMPSUMPTION
SPEED
Heavy Truck
Bus
Pickup/utility
Car
Rickshaw
Good
45
Poor
300 veh/day
5000 veh/day
User Costs
User Costs
User Costs
Agency Costs
Agency Costs
46
Agency Costs
HDM-4 Limitations
47
Technical Applications
Economic Applications
Fleet modernization
48
Planning
Medium- & long-term evaluation of options & strategies:
49
Programming
Annual or 2-3-yr rolling program prepared for
Network-Level Analysis
50
Project Preparation
Technical Standards