Brine Purification

In brine solution, water is soften using LimeSoda Ash Precipitation

Brine is preheated to reduce energy
requirements

Brine Electrolysis

Chlorine gas is
condensed and dried with
sulfuric acid -> wet
chlorine used in polyester
industries

This technology uses an ionexchanging membrane separating the

anode and the cathode.

Hydrogen gas used as fuel

for electricity; manufacture
of HCl or ammonia;
hydrogenation

The electrolytic processes of brine to

produce caustic soda, chlorine, and
hydrogen gas.

Evaporation and Salt

Separation

To increase concentration of NaOH in the

solution normally estimated to 50% NaOH
Salt crystallizes out

Final Evaporation

50% caustic soda or NaOH is brought to 7578% concentration using single effect
evaporator or high evaporator
Handled with steam-traced pipes to finishing
pots

Finishing Caustic in
Pots

Pumped by centrifugal pump to steel drum

Sealed as soon as cold, to prevent the
absorption of moisture by the caustic.

Purification of Caustic
Soda

Countercurrent extraction of caustic soda

solution with ammonia to remove chloride and
chlorates.

Bleaching Powder

Oxidizing agent
Activity is termed as available chlorine
Reaction

Available Chlorine
the amount of free chlorine that a substance

(such as bleaching powder) yields when treated

with an acid in the presence of a chloride (such as

sodium chloride or calcium chloride)
For Bleaching Powder

For Calcium Hypochlorite

Sodium Chlorite

USES
Oxidizing agent

Aldehydes -> carboxylic acids

as water purification and disinfection

Sodium chlorite in acid solution -> chlorine dioxide

Textile-bleaching

benefit of destroying natural color matter without

attacking the fibers themselves

Sodium Chlorite

MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Chloride Dioxide Production

Hooker R-2 Process

SEPARATOR

NaClO3

ClO3 &
Cl2

NaCl

H2SO4

Cl2 used as
production of
sodium/calcium
hypochlorite
ClO3 used for
sodium chlorite
generation

Sodium Chlorite

Sodium Chlorite Generation

To minimize sodium chlorate production, a

reducing agent (hydrogen peroxide) is added.

Sodium Chlorate
(NaClO
)

USES
Used by pulp & paper industry for bleaching

Sodium Chlorate
(NaClO
)

MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Electrolysis of Brine and Water

H2O
NaClO3

NaCl

H2
electricity

Sodium Hypochlorite

Sodium hypochlorite, the active ingredient in

household bleach, was discovered by the
French chemist Berthollet, in Javel on the
outskirts of Paris, in 1787

L eau de Javel

Sodium Hypochlorite

Louis Pasteur discovered sodium

hypochlorite's potent effectiveness against
disease-causing bacteria, and it became
widely used as a disinfectant.