Philippine Mass

Media

KAS114

Are, Brent - Badillo, Marc - Kobayashi, Hiro Lambino, John

Folk/Traditiona
l Media

Pre-Spanish Era
Indigenous form of communication
Wrote on barks of trees, leaves and bamboo tubes
Used knives, sharp tools
Colored saps of trees as ink

ario-Braid, Florangel and Ramon Tuazon. 1999. Communication Media in the Philippines: 1521 1986 in Philippine Studies Volume 47, No. 3.

Umalohokan
town criers
Announces new rules and regulations of barangay
made by Datus; went throughout the barangays,
annoucing in public gatherings the new laws
Barangays 30-100 families under one Datu
After Umalohokan has cried the law, it is in effect already

Umalohokans carrying bells*

at, Gil. 1959. The Philippines, Its Government and Administration in Pakistan Institute of International Affairs.
ario-Braid, Florangel and Ramon Tuazon. 1999. Communication Media in the Philippines: 1521 1986 in Philippine Studies Volume 47, No. 3.

Development of
Literature

Forms of literature during pre-colonial era:

Maxim (kasabihan)
Bugtong (riddle)
Kumintang (war song) of the Tagalogs
Folk tale (tutul)
Epic poetry (darangan) of the Maranaos
Wedding songs (hudhud) of Ifugaos

ario-Braid, Florangel and Ramon Tuazon. 1999. Communication Media in the Philippines: 1521 1986 in Philippine Studies Volume 47, No. 3.

Ambahan
Traditional poetry of the Hanunoo Mangyans (Oriental
Mindoro)
Written on bamboo in the Surat Mangyan, a preSpanish script.
presents a human experience through a metaphor
3 types of Ambahan:
Uses Hanunoo-Mangyan language
Uses borrowed words (Buhid)
Uses Spanish, Bisaya, Tagalog words

http://mangyan.org/content/ambahan-its-uses

Ambahan
Used by Mangyans to communicate with others using plants,
animals and nature symbols to convey their thoughts and
emotions about aspects of life.
It is created by the Mangyans to serve practical purposes within
the community. It is used by the parents in educating their
children, by young people in courting each other, by a visitor
in asking for food and by a relative bidding farewell.
The ambahan is used on those occasions when something
embarrassing, unpleasant, delicate or even precious (as love)
has to be said.
http://mangyan.org/content/ambahan-its-uses

Philippine
Mass Media in
Spanish
Colonial
Period

Philippine Mass Media in

Spanish Colonial Period
1811 The first newspaper was established in the
Philippines
Del Superior Govierno
Spanish Governor General Editor
Focusing primarily on news from Spain

Early Colonial Newspapers

More literary than newsy in style (John Lent)
often depended on satires, poems and news laced with
sarcasm

Philippine Mass Media in

Spanish Colonial Period
La Esperanza (1846)
First daily newspaper catered to the Spanish elite
To avoid trouble with censors, it dealt with non-controversial
subjects such as religion, science, and history

Diario de Manila
Suppressed by the Governor General after 38 years of
publication for allegedly inciting the Filipinos to rebel against
the Spaniards.

Philippine Mass Media in

Spanish Colonial Period
El Ilocano (1893)
First local (regional) publication

El Hogar (1893)
First publication for and by women

Philippine Mass Media in

Spanish Colonial Period Propaganda
Period
The history of free press
in the Philippines has its roots in
nation realistic newspapers published in Europe and in
the Philippines during the Spanish colonial regime.
The aim was to raise the level of consciousness with
respect to oppressive conditions prevailing in the country
then. For most of these newspapers, however, their origin
was elitist. They were mainly published and written by the
so-called illustrados and read mostly by the same group.

Philippine Mass Media in

Spanish Colonial Period Propaganda
Period
La Solidaridad

Mouthpiece of the reformists

Organ of the Propaganda Movement
Published in Spain
First appeared in 1889
With the policy "to work peacefully for social and economic
reforms, to expose the real plight of the Philippines, and to
champion liberalism and democracy.

Philippine Mass Media in Spanish

Colonial Period - Propaganda
Period
Newspaper which advocated for Political
Reforms
Kalayaan (1898)
Official organ of the Katipunan

La Independencia (1898)
Most widely read newspaper of the Revolution

La Libertad and El Heraldo de Iloilo (1898)

Philippine Mass Media in

Spanish Colonial Period Literature, Music, and Art
Other Mediums

Kartilya, Ang Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Andres Bonifacio)

Decalogue (Apolinario Mabini)
Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion-Hidalgo (paintings)
Marcha Nacional Filipina (Lupang Hinirang) Julian Felipe

Francisco Balagtas (poet of the people)

His works, including the popular Florante at Laura, instilled not only
love of country but also fanned the flames of the spreading
discontentment with Spanish rule

Philippine Mass Media in Spanish

Colonial Period - Other Mediums
The use of the power of the pen by the early
heroes to expose colonial exploitation and
seek independence is perhaps the most
important non-violent strategy for social and
political reforms.

Philippine Mass Media in

Spanish Colonial Period
Folk Media
to provide the information, education and
entertainment needs of the people
cenaculo, pastores, pasyon, awit and corrido,
balagtasan, balitao, and duplo

The Evolution of Philippine

Press
3 kampo
1. Mga nakikisama sa panahon- Gawin ang gusto
hanggat walang batas na nilalabag at kumikita
2. Mga Purista- paghihiwalay ng gobyerno at midya
3. Mga nasa gitna - case by case basis

The Evolution of Philippine

Press
Ginamit ang midya as isang gamit ng oligarkiya upang
maprotektahan ang kanilang interes at kapangyarihan.
Kahit tinapos ni Marcos ang free press noong Martial Law, hindi
mo naman masasabi na malaya nga ang midya bago at
pagkatapos ng panunugkulan ni Marcos.
Maraming mga miyembro ng midya ang nasa ilalim pa din ng
korupsyon.

A question of interests
Madalas nagkakaraoon ng
pagka kaiba ng mga
detalye na ini rereport ng
midya- dahil sa mga bias
ng iba't ibang organisasyon
at publishers.

Rationalizing Ethics
Maraming isyu patungkol sa ethics sa midya, lalo
na pagdating sa mga advertiser, sa
pagtataguyod ng mga adhikain at sa
pagpapayag na magsulat ang mga opisyal ng
gobyerno.

Freedom from owners

Kahit bawal magmay-ari ang isang tao ng mga
dyaryo, stasyon ng tv at iba pa, maaring ma
impluwensiyahan ng mga taong nag invest sa
mga ito upang kumita.

A logical Partner/A new

Dangerous Partner
Isang magandang source ng balita ang mga Non
Government Organization (NGO) dahil sa pagiging
malapit nila sa realidad ng buhay at kawalan ng
makasariling motibo.
Ngunit mayroon pang isang gumagamit ng midya upang
maipahayag ang kanilang saloobin sa isang isyu- ang
mga na halal ng opisyal ng gobyerno. Ayon sa awtor,
dapat magkaroon ng linya ang pag gamit ng mga opisyal
na ito sa midya.

An Overdose of Law
Isang mainit na debate pa din ang pagbabawal sa mga
politiko na gamitin ang midya sa kanilang kampanya
tuwing eleksyon, dahil umano ay nagkakaroon ng harang
sa pagitang nga mga nasa taas at nasa baba na tumakbo
sa mga posisyong ito na kinakailangan ng malaking pera.

Orly and His Little Plot

Isang batas na naihain ang gustong tanggalin
ang monopolyo sa mga kompanyang midya,
ngunit maaring magamit ito upang mas lalong
ma kontrol ito ng pamahalaan.

A media dilemma
Paano nga ba dapat ilabas ng midya ang mga
pangyayari kaugnay sa mga sensitibong kaso at
istorya? Dapat bang iuna ang balita kesa sa
buhay ng iba?

News Subject or News

Victim
Minsan, kahit hindi pa napapatunayan ang isang
akusasyon ay nasisira na ang kanilang imahe
dahil sa mga haka hakang balita.

Ms. Arenas and her Captive

Media
May mga taong nagpapansin, at pinapansin ng
midya at nilalagay sa balita kahit hindi naman
dapat kapansin pansin. At nagagamit pa ang
midya sa kanyang pang iimpluwensiya.

Media's Own Frankestein

Dahil sa pagiging ma impluwensiya ng
showbiz sa pang araw araw nating
pamumuhay, maraming mga reporter
nito ang nagiging mayaman dahil sa
kanilang koneksyon at nepotismo- at
nagiging "Frankenstein" ng midya.

A superflous reminder
Kahit bigyan ng isang wallet size na kopya ang
mga miyembro ng midya ng "code of ethics",
walang epekto ito kung hindi ito naipapatupad.

Journalism by Vote
Dapat nga bang sundin ng midya ang tradisyonal
na nilalalagay sa mga diyaryo o telebisyon o
subukang magbigay ng mga magagamit na
kaalaman?

20 years behind the times

Isang pagtalakay sa hindi raw pagunlad ng mga
diyaryo kumpara sa ibang porma ng midya.

A call to public vigilance

Kelangang maging alerto ang
mga mamamayan sa kanilang
pagtanggap ng mga balita.

The Great Void

Newspaper
Unexplained Murder
Bald News and Bold opinion
Newspaper = Business
Order of Priorities

The Under Reported

Environment
Sense of Mission
Market Oriented
Ignorance of the Environment
Media = Commodity

What are newspapers

brought for?
Tabloid cant afford , excitement
Broadsheet can afford, Information

Bad Survey, Bad

Reporting
The Credibility of Survey
Facts

Informed doggedness, not

ignorant insistence
No questions -> No truth
Reporters Ignorance

Communication vs.
Aesthetics
Artistic =/= good work
Write something fresh, familiar, and informative

From print to broadcast

Writing for television script
Writing to be listened to

Dati at Ngayon
Kakulangan
sa mataas
na uri ng
teknolohiya
Heograpiya
Mabagal
Maliit ang sakop

Mas malawak ang

sakop (BarangayGlobal)
Impormasyon
(Mensahe)
Mas maraming
pamamaraan

MEDIA
(1) Issues of function, structure, and attributes a
means of cultural expression in the case of the
indigenous media; as tools of colonial masters
to serve their objectives; for commerce,
education, and entertainment; watchdog in
harmonizing various interest
(2) Ownership whether owned by government,
or joint government-private and community

(3) Policy issues and legal framework press

freedom, forms of control codes and
censorship
(4) Indicators balance, pluralism, social justice
and equity, access, ethics, literacy and freedom
of information

References:
Puyat, Gil. 1959. The Philippines, Its Government
and Administration in Pakistan Institute of
International Affairs.
Rosario-Braid, Florangel and Ramon Tuazon. 1999.
Communication Media in the Philippines: 1521
1986in Philippine Studies Volume 47, No. 3.
Santos, Vergel O., Wrestling Press Ethics: A
Collection of Essays. PPI,1994.