HSDPA (HS-DSCH) and HSUPA (E-DCH)

implementation in RNC CallP

Ewa Kulinski
November 5, 2007

Agenda

1. HSDPA (HS-DSCH) Overview

2. HSUPA (E-DCH) Overview
3. Cell Setup
4. UE Capabilities Analysis
5. Call Setup
6. Source Conformance
7. Standalone RLC Reconfiguration
8. Mobility
9. Uni-directional DCH workaround
10.Documentation

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HSDPA (HS-DSCH) Overview

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HSDPA Overview - Characteristics

HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
It uses the HS-DSCH transport channel - High Speed Downlink Shared Channel
The corresponding physical channel is denoted by HS-PDSCH
Signaling is conducted on the HS-SCCH (High-Speed Shared Control Channel)
common to all users
HS-DPCCH the uplink physical channel - is used for Channel Quality Indication
and ACK
It uses Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) - QPSK and 16-QAM
Repetition is handled with Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ)
Fast scheduling is performed in the NodeB - MAC-hs entity located in the NodeB
Spreading Factor is fixed to SF16 - time and code multiplex, 1 to 16 SF codes
The Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is short 2 ms
It is not a new RRC state, but it is performed in CELL_DCH state

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HSDPA Overview - Benefits

HSDPA improves system capacity, reduces transmission delay and increases
user data rates in the downlink direction
Shared channel provides resources optimization and good solution for bursty data
New modulation enhances spectral efficiency, provides higher peak data rate
and better throughput
Short 2 ms TTI reduces link adaptation delays, increases the granularity
in the scheduling process, facilitates better tracking of varying radio conditions
HARQ means fast retransmissions in the Node B (conventional RLC retransmissions
can still be performed but will be needed less often)
Fast scheduling in the Node B is closer to the air interface and its measurements
Adaptive modulation and coding provides ability to adapt the modulation scheme
according to the quality of the radio link

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HSUPA (E-DCH) Overview

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HSUPA Overview - Characteristics

HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access
It uses the E-DCH transport channel Enhanced Dedicated Channel
HSUPA introduces new physical channels, in uplink: E-DPCCH (E-DCH Dedicated
Physical Control Channel) and E-DPDCH (E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel)
in downlink: E-AGCH (E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel), E-RGCH (E-DCH Relative
Grant Channel), E-HICH (E-DCH Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel),
E-DPDCH is used to carry the E-DCH Transport Channel
E-DPCCH is used to carry the control information associated with the E-DCH
HARQ is used, similar as in HSDPA case
It supports 10 ms and 2 ms TTI
One or more radio links are used (it supports macro-diversity) one serving
E-DCH radio link which is the same as HSDPA, several non-serving
Scheduled or non-scheduled mode - in the scheduled mode the packet scheduler
operates on a request/grant principle (UE requests, Node B grants)
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HSUPA Overview - Benefits

Benefits are similar to those of HSDPA but in the uplink direction.
HSUPA improves performance of uplink dedicated transport channel increases
capacity and throughput and reduces delay
Node B scheduling allows faster adaptation to interference variations and tighter
control of uplink noise rise

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Cell Setup

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HSxPA Cell Setup

For HSDPA and E-DCH, codes and power in downlink (for common and shared
channels) are allocated in the cell setup phase
Dynamic Code Tree Management can modify allocation of channelization codes
for HSDPA
NOBCCH invokes CELLRRM when Physical Shared Channel Reconfiguration
message is going to be sent over NBAP (containing HSDPA and E-DCH parameters)
A cell cannot be configured with EDCH and without HSDPA
CELLRRM performs allocation of channelization codes and power
Parameters are provided by CELLRRM to NOBCCH
HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH codes
HSDPA total power

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HSxPA Cell Setup

RNC

Node B
Audit Request
Audit Response
Cell Setup Request
Cell Setup Response
Common Channels Setup Procedure

Physical Shared Channel Reconfiguration Request

Physical Shared Channel Reconfiguration Response

System Information Update Procedure

Common Measurements Setup

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HSDPA and E-DCH channelization codes

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HSDPA and E-DCH Power

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HSxPA Cell Setup Management of E-DCH Capability

Cell capability (HSDPA-capable, E-DCH-capable, TTI 2ms, min-SF) is updated from
Node B:
NBAP Audit Response
NBAP Resource Status Indicator
NOB handles these messages and updates DDR with the latest information.
It also provides HSDPA cell indicator and E-DCH cell indicator to the UE via SIB 5.

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UE Capabilities Analysis

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UE Capabilities Analysis
When the RRC Connection is established, UE_CALL invokes UERRM to perform the
UE capabilities analysis
Access Stratum Release Indicator (R4, R5, R6) is taken from the RRC Connection
Request
Other capabilities (HSDPA-capable, E-DCH capable, UE category, ...) are taken
from the RRC Connection Setup Complete
The analysis result is stored in the call context (uerrmOutput.ueInfo.ueCapa,
copied to uerrmInput.ueInfo.ueCapabilities) to be used when a RAB is going
to be setup.

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Call Setup

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Call Setup
When the RANAP RAB Assignment with RAB to setup is received, UE_CALL invokes
UERRM to perform RAB Matching.
In the transportTypeChoice() box of RAB Matching, after other analysis
(UE Capabilities, type of the call), UERRM invokes cellinfo to read the current
state of the primary cell from the DDR to know if the cell allows HSDPA
and E-DCH.
Parameters required to establish the call on DCH/HSDPA or E-DCH/HSDPA
are provided by UERRM to UE_CALL. The part relative to HS-DSCH and E-DCH
is in uerrmOutput.hsdpaInfo and uerrmOutput.edchInfo.

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DCH/HSDPA Call Configuration

HS-DSCH MAC-d flow

for DL traffic.

UL & DL SRB

UL TRB

DL TRB

Dedicated part on DCH:

signaling
and UL traffic
Bi-directional DCH
for the traffic,
DL rate 0 kbps
(dummy sync frames
sent over this DCH).

Mac-D

Flow control
With Mac-Hs

DCH-FP

DCH-FP

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HS-DSCH-FP

E-DCH/HSDPA Call Configuration

HS-DSCH MAC-d flow

for DL traffic.

UL & DL SRB

UL TRB

DL TRB

E-DCH MAC-d flow

for UL traffic.
Dedicated part on DCH
for signaling.

Mac-D

Flow control
With Mac-Es

DCH-FP

E-DCH-FP

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HS-DSCH-FP

Flow control
With Mac-Hs

Call Setup
UE_CALL executes the Synchronized RL Reconfiguration (or RL Setup
if establishment from CELL_FACH).
RNC_CALL dispatches messages to NOBCALLs and fills one of them with HSDPA
and E-DCH information, while other contain only the DCH part (signalling
+ DCH X kbps/0 kbps is case of HSDPA, signalling (only) in case of E-DCH)
NOBCALL invokes CELLRRM (via NOBRRM). When HSDPA information is present,
CELLRRM manages HSDPA CAC based on number of allowed MAC-d flows
and allocates H-RNTI. For E-DCH CELLRRM provides some power information
which is configured per cell.

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Call Setup H-RNTI allocation

For an UE having an HSDPA call, an H-RNTI is allocated and this H-RNTI needs
to be unique within a cell. The mobile is listening to the downlink HS-SCCH
channel to determine when it should collect data on the HS-DSCH channels.
In order to avoid false detection due to bit corruption over the air interface,
the H-RNTI is generated using a code that has Hamming distance
of at least 4 (every two values have 4 bits different from each other).
We implement a Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem code.
Its Hamming distance is 6 and the average distance is 8.
This code is generated using a mask: 0x7F (01111111)

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HSDPA H-RNTI Management

1 index (0-127)
2- parity of (index & mask[0])
3- parity of (index & mask[1])

9- parity of (index & mask[7])

10- parity of the 15-bit result of operations 1-9

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Call Setup
NOBCALL allocates CIDs, including these for HS-DSCH and E-DCH MAC-d flows
and sends the ASN.1-encoded NBAP message to the Node B, then handles
the response and sends it to RNC_CALL.
RNC_CALL performs I-Node DTrCh Reconf DCH and responds to UE_CALL.
UE_CALL sends the RRC Radio Bearer Setup message to the mobile.
This message contains all required information about HSDPA (including H-RNTI)
and about E-DCH.
In case of DCH/HSDPA, the uni-directional DCH workaround is applied.

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Source Conformance

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Source Conformance
In case of DCH/HSDPA or E-DCH/HSDPA call, the actual bit-rate that is granted
to a user is in fact allocated by the Node B, which has no indication
of the requested bit rate for the service. The Node B can allocate a larger
bandwidth than requested if the core or the mobile are transmitting more
information.
To avoid that phenomenon, not aligned with QoS management, a solution called
source conformance is designed at the GTP-U level to discard data overflowing
the requested bandwidth.
A leaky bucket algorithm is used.
UL and DL Source Conformance parameters are provided by UERRM when the RAB
is established (in the output of the uerrmInvoke(RAB_ASSIGNMENT_ALLOC),
output->rabWithoutFlow). UE_CALL gives them to IU_CALL, which uses them
in the GTP Context Request (IUD_TRANSP_REQ)

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Standalone RLC Reconfiguration

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Standalone RLC Reconfiguration

When adding another RAB, when the existing RAB changes the transport channel
type to or from DCH/HSDPA, in case of R5 UE, a standalone RLC reconfiguration
is needed, because RLC parameters of an existing RB cannot be reconfigured in
this version of RRC Radio Bearer Setup.
The standalone RLC reconfiguration is performed right after the synchronized RL
reconfiguration that allocated the RAB. An RRC Radio Bearer Reconfiguration
message is sent to the mobile and DBearer RB Modification is sent to the U-Plane.
Separate value of DeltaCFN is provided for this procedure.
In other cases the RLC Reconfiguration is not standalone.

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Mobility

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HSxPA Mobility
HSDPA Mobility follows the primary cell the HSDPA RL is the primary RL.
E-DCH serving RL is always the one that carries HSDPA
There can be other E-DCH RL in the Active Set E-DCH Active Set is a sub-set of
the Active Set)
After the uerrmInvoke(PRL_UPDATE) (which follows RRC Measurement Report
reception and different mobility cases) UE_CALL invokes UERRM for HSxPA
Mobility
UERRM decides if mobility is needed, with or without transport channel type
switch

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HSxPA Mobility
HSxPA Mobility cases without transport channel type switching
E-DCH/HSDPA to E-DCH/HSDPA (UL_RL_MOBILITY_DL_RL_MOBILITY)
DCH/HSDPA to DCH/HSDPA (UL_NONE_DL_RL_MOBILITY)
HSxPA Mobility cases with transport channel type switching
E-DCH/HSDPA to DCH/HSDPA (UL_TO_DCH_DL_RL_MOBILITY)
E-DCH/HSDPA to DCH/DCH (UL_TO_DCH_DL_TO_DCH)
DCH/HSDPA to E-DCH/HSDPA (UL_TO_EDCH_DL_RL_MOBILITY)
DCH/HSDPA to DCH/DCH (UL_NONE_DL_TO_DCH)
DCH/DCH to E-DCH/HSDPA (UL_TO_EDCH_DL_TO_HSDSCH)
DCH/DCH to DCH/HSDPA (UL_NONE_DL_TO_HSDSCH)

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HSxPA Mobility
E-DCH/HSDPA

DCH/HSDPA

DCH/DCH

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HSxPA Mobility
The HSxPA mobility is performed via synchronized radio link reconfiguration:
adding and deleting HS-DSCH MAC-d flows and E-DCH MAC-d flows
and also modifying, adding or removing the DCH part in case of transport
channel type switching

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Uni-directional DCH workaround

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Uni-directional DCH workaround

In case of DCH/HSDPA configuration, in the access network the DCH part
is configured as 0 kbps DL and X kbps in UL
But in the configuration sent to the mobile, the DCH is UL only, and the DL 0 kbps
DCH is not sent to the mobile

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Uni-directional DCH workaround

RNC/Node B U-Plane Conf

UE U-Plane Conf

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Uni-directional DCH workaround

The workaround is needed for HSDPA in downlink with DCH in uplink. It is not
needed when HSDPA in downlink with E-DCH in uplink is used (there is no DCH 0
kbps).
The workaround removes the DCH 0 kbps from the message sent to the mobile
when it is established and when it is deleted.
It consists of RB Mapping modification and TrCh Modification

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Uni-directional DCH workaround

1) RB Mapping modification
when adding or reconfiguring an RB, it is mapped to DCH and HS-DSCH
(at the Node B side)
workaround makes it mapped only to HS-DSCH
2) TrCh Modification there are three possibilities
a- remove the DCH 0 kbps from DL TrCh To Add or Reconfigure
b- remove the DCH 0 kbps from DL TrCh To Delete
c- remove the DCH 0 kbps from DL TrCh To Add or Reconfigure and add the
DCH Y kbps to DL TrCh To Delete (from the previous DCH / DCH configuration)

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Uni-directional DCH workaround

Transitions where the workaround is applicable
A) Going to DCH/HSDPA
When setting up a RAB on DCH/HSDPA we need to
1) modify the RB Mapping and 2) Modify the TrCh (a)
When reconfiguring a RAB to DCH/HSDPA from DCH/DCH we need to
1) modify the RB Mapping and 2) Modify TrCh (c)
When reconfiguring a RAB to DCH/HSDPA from E-DCH/HSDPA we need to
1) modify the RB Mapping and 2) Modify the TrCh (a)

B) Going from DCH/HSDPA

When releasing a RAB from DCH/HSDPA we need to modify the TrCh (b)
When reconfiguring a RAB from DCH/HSDPA to E-DCH/HSDPA
we need to modify the TrCh (b)

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Uni-directional DCH workaround

Multiple HS-DSCH MAC-d flows
In this case there are two HS-DSCH MAC-d flows in DL and one DCH UL/DL
The workaround is the same (remove the DCH 0 kbps in DL from RRC
Messages when it is added or removed)
The number of HS-DSCH MAC-d flows is stored in the UE_RRC context,
to differentiate workaround cases from these just adding or removing
the second HS-DSCH MAC-d flow

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10

Documentation

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Documentation
UMT/SYS/DD/013319 (V02.14) HSDPA System Specification
UMT/SYS/DD/018827 (V01.09) Enhanced DCH System Specification
UMT/RNC/DD/018134 Q01184423 PM 29840 E-DCH Commercial Introduction SFS

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www.alcatel-lucent.com

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