ENVIRONMENTAL

LEGISLATION

Prof. K.C.Sharma
Department of Environmental
Science
Central university of Rajasthan
Email: dr.kcsharma@gmail.com

ARTICLE 48- A
(DIRECTIVE PRINCIPALS OF STATE
POLICY)
The state shall endeavor to protect and improve the
Environment and to safeguard the forest and wildlife of the
country

ARTICLE 51- G
(FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES OF CITIZEN)

It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and

improve the natural environment including forests, lakes,
rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living
creatures

The Water (Prevention

and Control of Pollution)
Act, 1974

AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF WATER
POLLUTION AND MAINTAINING OR
RESORTING OF WHOLESOMENESS OF
WATER AND FOR MATTERS CONNECTED
HEREWITH

The Water Act, 1974

Measures for Prevention and Control of Water
Pollution
Restrict the Application of Act in certain Areas
Prohibition on use of stream for disposal of
pollution matter
Restriction on new Outlet and new discharge
Emergency measures in case of pollution
streams

THE AIR (PREVENTION AND

CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT,
1981
AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE
PREVENTION CONTROL AND
ABETMENT OF AIR POLLUTION
FOR MATTERS CONNECTED
HEREWITH

THE AIR ACT, 1981

MEASURES FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF

AIR POLLUTION
Declare air pollution control areas
Prohibit the use of any fuel in air pollution control
areas
Imposing restriction on use of certain industrial
Plants
Not to allow emission of air pollutants in excess of
prescribed standards
Give instructions for ensuring standards for
emission from automobiles

THE ENVIRONMENT
(PROTECTION) ACT, 1986
AN ACT TO PROVIDE THE PROTECTED
AND IMPROVEMENT OF
ENVIRONMENT AND FOR MATTERS
CONNECTED THEREWITH

19TH NOVEMBER, 1986

THE ENVIRONMENT
(PROTECTION) ACT, 1986
Measures for environmental protection and
improvement
Lying down standards
Restriction of Industrial activity in certain areas
Regulating the handling of hazardous
substances and Waste
Prohibition and restriction on location of
Industry
Not to allow emission/ discharge of
environmental pollutants in excess of
standards
Rules to regulate environmental pollution

THE ENVIRONMENT
(PROTECTION0 ACT, 1986
OBLIGATION
Compulsion to comply direction of central Govt.
Not to discharge/ emit pollutants in excess to
prescribed standards
Furnishing of information to prescribed agencies
in certain cases
Allow entry and inspection
Allow entry and inspection
Allow central Govt./ empowered official for
collection of samples
RESPONSIBILITIES
Submit Environmental Statement (Form V)
Obtain prior Environmental Clearance: in case
of new project or modernization/ expansion
project

THE HAZARDOUS WASTE (MGT.

& HAND.) RULES, 1989
TO CONTROL THE IMPROPER
HANDLING, STORAGE,
TRANSPORTATION, TREATMENT
AND DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS
WASTE RESULT IN ADVERSE
IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENT.
28TH JULY 1989

THE HAZARDOUS WASTE (MGT.

& HAND.) RULES, 1989
Definition: Any waste which by
reason of any of its physical,
chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable,
explosive or corrosive characteristics
causes danger or is likely to cause
danger to health or environment,
whether alone or substances, contact
with other wastes or substances,
includes the schedule 1, 2 and 3

Biomedical Waste
(Management &Handling)
Rules, 1998

Definition
Biomedical wastes are defined as
waste that is generated during the
diagnosis, treatment or immunization
of human beings or animals, or in
research activities pertaining thereto,
or in production of biological
materials.

Schedule I
Waste
Category
No.

CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

Type of waste

Treatment
and
Disposal
Options

Category 1

Human Anatomical
waste (Human tissues,
Organs, body parts)

Incineration/de
ep Burial

Category 2

Animal waste (Animal

tissues, Organs body
parts, Carcasses,
bleeding parts, blood
and experimental
animals used in

Incineration/de
ep Burial

Categor
y

Type of waste Treatment and

Disposal options

Category 3 Microbiology and

biotechnology
waste (waste
from lab culture,
specimens from
microorganisms,
vaccines, cell
cultures, toxins,
dishes, devices
used to transfer
cultures)

Local Autoclaving /
Microwaving /
Incineration

Category Type of waste

Treatment
and Disposal
Options

Category 4

Waste Sharps
(Needles, Syringes,
Scalpels, blades,
glass)

Chemical
Disinfection
Autoclaving/
Microwaving,
Mutilation and
Shredding

Category 5

Discarded medicines
and cyto-toxic drugs
(outdated,
contaminated,
discarded drugs)

Incineration /
destruction and
disposal in land
fills

Categor
y

Type of waste

Treatment
and Disposal
Options

Category 6 Soiled waste

(contaminated with
blood and body fluids
including cotton,
dressings, soiled
plasters, linen)

Autoclaving/
Microwaving/
Incineration

Category 7 Solid waste (tubes,

catheters, IV sets)

Chemical
Disinfection/Auto
claving/
Microwaving,
Mutilations and
Shredding

Category

Type of
waste

Treatment
and Disposal
Options

Category 8

Liquid waste
(Waste
generated from
laboratory and
washing,
cleaning,
disinfection)

Disinfection by
chemical
treatment and
discharge into
the drains

Category 9

Incineration ash

Land fills

Category 10

Chemical waste

Chemical
disinfection and
discharge into

SCHEDULE II

NG AND TYPE OF CONTAINER FOR DISPOSAL OF BIO-M

Colour Conding

Type of Container -I
Waste
Category

Treatment options as
Per Schedule I

Yellow

Plastic bag Cat. 1, Cat. 2, Incineration/deep burial

and Cat. 3, Cat. 6.

Red

Disinfected
container/plastic bag
Cat. 3,
Cat. 6, Cat.7.

Autoclaving/Microwaving
/
Chemical Treatment

Blue/White
translucent

Plastic bag/puncture
proof
Cat. 4, Cat. 7. Container

Autoclaving/Microwaving
/
Chemical Treatment and
destruction/shredding

Black

Plastic bag Cat. 5 and

Cat. 9
and Cat. 10. (solid)

Disposal in secured
landfill

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