Académique Documents
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Agenda
1.
1. Overview
Overview
2.
2. Architecture
Architecture
3.
3. Channel
Channel Structure
Structure
4.
4. Accessibility
Accessibility &
& Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
5.
5. InterFrequency
InterFrequency Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
6.
6. Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
7.
7. KPIs
KPIs
Outline
Modulation
Retransmission schemes
Scheduling
Usage of Power and Code
For P4 only 5 codes (SF = 16) will be available for the HSDPA feature and they will be
shared on a time base.
SF=1
SF=2
SF=4
SF=8
SF=16
TTI
Shared
channelization
codes
User #1
User #2
User #3
User #4
Better application performance being closer to the model TCP has being designed
for.
The HS channels are organised in sub-frame of 3 slots each; this means that
the slot time 2/3 ms/slot is the same as for R99 slots (10/15 ms/slot).
The scheduling and the link adaptation algorithms work at this frequency!
Rel 5 (HS-DSCH)
2 ms
Earlier releases
10 ms
20 ms
40 ms
80 ms
Power
3GPP Release 99
Unused power
Common channels
Common channels
3GPP Release 5
t
HS-DSCH with dynamic power allocation
Channel Condition
Available Power
Coding
Link
Adaptation
UE category
Traffic (buffers state)
10
Modulation
TFC
Bit
Rate
feedback
High data rate
Low data rate
11
feedback
High data rate
Low data rate
12
User1
User2
User3 User4
2 ms
2 ms
time
Scheduled
user
User 1
low data rate
User 2
Time
#1
14
#2
#1
#2
#1
#2
#1
HSDPA introduces a new retransmission level under the RLC scheme in the
RNC.
This new level allows rapid retransmissions of erroneous data:
Hybrid ARQ protocol terminated in RBS
short RTT (typical example: 12 ms)
Soft combining in UE of multiple transmission attempts
reduced error rates for retransmissions
P1,1
15
P1,2
+
P1,1
P2,1
P3,1
ACK
ACK
P2,2
NAC
K
P2,1
ACK
Transmitter
Receiver
P1,2
NAC
K
P1,1
P2,2
+
P2,1
P3,1
16
7 - UE capabilities
The UE capabilities are divided into a number of parameters:
Total RLC AM and MAC-hs buffer size
Maximum number of HS-DSCH transport channel bits received within a HS-DSCH
TTI
Support of HS-PDSCH Yes/No
Maximum number of HS-DSCH codes received
Total number of soft channel bits in HS-DSCH
Minimum inter-TTI interval in HS-DSCH
Supporting 16QAM
17
X 10 =
RLC SDU
= 320
RLC
head = 16
+
MAC- HS SDU
head = 3360
MAC- HS
head = 21
= 3440 bits
Padding
bits = 59
That means the DSCH max scheduled bit rate could be 1720 kb/s:
That is including headers, padding and every type of retransmission
kb/s =320*10/2
In reality considering at least the HS retransmissions at this level the maximum bit rate could not be higher
than 1600*0.9 =1440 bit/s
18
Agenda
1.
1. Overview
Overview
2.
2. Architecture
Architecture
3.
3. Channel
Channel Structure
Structure
4.
4. Accessibility
Accessibility &
& Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
5.
5. InterFrequency
InterFrequency Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
6.
6. Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
7.
7. KPIs
KPIs
19
RBS
Uu
User Data
RLC
MAC
MAC-hs
L1
SRNC
Iub
Iu
CN
User Data
RLC
MAC
L1
GTP-U
UDP/IP
GTP-U
UDP/IP
FP
FP
AAL2
ATM
AAL2
ATM
AAL5
ATM
AAL5
ATM
PHY
PHY
PHY
PHY
20
RBS
Uu
Iub
User Data
RLC
MAC-d
SRNC
Iu
CN
User Data
MAC-hs
MAC-hs
HS-DSCH
FP
AAL2
ATM
L1
L1
PHY
RLC
MAC-d
HS-DSCH
FP
AAL2
ATM
PHY
GTP-U
UDP/IP
GTP-U
UDP/IP
AAL5
ATM
AAL5
ATM
PHY
PHY
The new radio interface layer 2 functionality required by the HSDSCH (hybrid ARQ signaling, scheduling, etc) was placed in a new
functional entity of the MAC layer, called MAC-hs.
The physical layer was updated with new functionalities for HSDSCH (soft combining of retransmitted transport blocks, new
physical channels, etc.).
21
RBS
Uu
Iub
SRNC
RRC
RRC
RLC
MAC-d
RLC
MAC-d
HS-DSCH
FP
AAL2
ATM
PHY
MAC-hs
MAC-hs
HS-DSCH
FP
AAL2
ATM
L1
L1
PHY
Iu
CN
GTP-U
UDP/IP
GTP-U
UDP/IP
AAL5
ATM
AAL5
ATM
PHY
PHY
RBS
Uu
Iub
SRNC
Iu
TCP/IP
CN
TCP/IP
RLC
MAC-d
MAC-hs
MAC-hs
HS-DSCH
FP
AAL2
ATM
L1
L1
PHY
RLC
MAC-d
HS-DSCH
FP
AAL2
ATM
PHY
GTP-U
UDP/IP
GTP-U
UDP/IP
AAL5
ATM
AAL5
ATM
PHY
PHY
for data in the RBS a new buffer is needed to store data of different
users
The mobile has to store erroneous PDU for Soft Combining
Requirements on buffer could be different due to the new amount of
transmitted data
24
RNC
No HW upgrades
Only SW!!
Setup of HS-DSCH/HS-SCCH
R99:
Scheduling,
TF selection,
Link layer
retransmission
(ARQ)
HSDPA:
Scheduling,
Link
Adaptation,
Hybrid ARQ
25
Core
Network
RNC
Node B
Node Functionality
Iu
RNC Function:
RNC
Iur
Iub
HS
-D S
CH
HS
H S -S C C
-D P H
CC
H
Resource handling
Associated
Dedicated
Channels
Capacity management
L2 (MAC-d)
UL HS control channel power control
Certain flow control
26
Node Functionality
Iu
RBS Function:
RNC
Iur
L2 (MAC-hs)
Scheduling
Iub
HS
-D S
CH
HS
H S -S C C
-D P H
CC
H
27
Agenda
1.
1. Overview
Overview
2.
2. Architecture
Architecture
3.
3. Channel
Channel Structure
Structure
4.
4. Accessibility
Accessibility &
& Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
5.
5. InterFrequency
InterFrequency Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
6.
6. Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
7.
7. KPIs
KPIs
28
HS
HS -DSC
HS -SCCHH
-DP
CC
H
29
A-DCH
Channel Structure
HS
-DS
Associated
Dedicated
Channels
CH
HS
HS -SCC
-D P H
CC
H
Control Channel
HS-DSCH
HS-DSCHHigh-Speed
High-SpeedDownlink
DownlinkShared
SharedChannel
Channel(Transport)
(Transport)
HS-SCCH
HS-SCCHHigh-Speed
High-SpeedShared
SharedControl
ControlChannel(s)
Channel(s)(Physical)
(Physical)
A-DCH
A-DCH Associated
AssociatedDedicated
DedicatedChannel
ChannelA-DCH
A-DCH(Transport)
(Transport)
HS-DPCCH
HS-DPCCHHigh-Speed
High-Speed(related
(relateduplink)
uplink)Dedicated
DedicatedPhysical
PhysicalControl
ControlChannel
Channel
(Physical)
(Physical)
HS-PDSCH
HS-PDSCHHigh-Speed
High-SpeedPhysical
PhysicalDownlink
DownlinkShared
SharedChannel
Channel(Physical)
(Physical)
30
CN
RNC
DCCH
RRC
For each
user
UE
RBS
DCCH
NAS
DPCCH
DCH
DCCH
DCH
DPCH
DPDCH
HS
- DPCCH
NAS
DCCH
HS-SCCH
Interactive PS RAB
User 1
Interactive PS RAB
User 2
Interactive PS RAB
User n
DTCH
DTCH
- Interactive
- Background
31
HS-PDSCH
DTCH
Iu
Radio Access Bearers:
HS -DSCH
Iub
Logical Channels:
-Dedicated Control Channel, DCCH
-Dedicated Traffic Channel, DTCH
Transport Channels:
-Dedicated Channel, DCH
-High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel, HS-DSCH
Uu
Physical Channels:
-Dedicated Physical Channel, DPCH
-DPCCH, Dedicated Physical Control Channel
-DPDCH, Dedicated Physical Data Channel
-HS-DPCCH, HS-DSCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel
-HS-DSCH Shared Control Channel, HS-SCCH
-High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel, HS-PDSCH
32
33
34
The A-DCH both UL and DL can be in soft/softer handover whilst the HSDPCCH can never be in soft handover (softer is possible).
HS-DPCCH (UL) is transmitted within a dedicated channel. The main idea
is that it is power controlled from the other part of the A-DCH.
35
HS-DPCCH: CQI
HS-SCCH: DL Transfer Information
HS-DSCH: Data Transfer
HS-DPCCH: ACK/NACK
36
UserPlane: Overview
There are 8 steps to transmit on the HS-DSCH:
In the RNC, the Interactive RAB is mapped to a radio bearer to be transmitted on
the HS-DSCH.
The radio bearer is then processed by the RLC and MAC-d layer 2 protocols in
the RNC.
The resulting MAC-d PDUs are transmitted over Iub to the RBS using the HSDSCH frame protocol.
The MAChs receive the Channel Quality Indicator adjusted by the Node B
The MAC-hs scheduling function selects in each TTI the user to which the HSDSCH is transmitted.
Following the selection of a user, the user data to transmit on the HS-DSCH is put
into one of several HARQ processes in the MAC-hs HARQ protocol.
The amount of data to transmit is determined by the TFRC selection algorithm.
Hence the data is transmitted to the UE over the air interface.
37
38
Max. 5 codes
DL: QPSK or
DL: 16QAM (optional)
UL 64 kbps interactive radio bearer
Supported by symmetric 3.4 kbps signaling radio bearer (SRB)
Agenda
1.
1. Overview
Overview
2.
2. Architecture
Architecture
3.
3. Channel
Channel Structure
Structure
Accessibility:
Accessibility:
Call
Call setup
setup phases
phases
4.
4. Accessibility
Accessibility &
& Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
5.
5. InterFrequency
InterFrequency Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
6.
6. Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
7.
7. KPIs
KPIs
39
Iu
RNC
RNC
Iur
7
Iub
Iub
HS
HS -DSC
H S -S C C H
-D P H
CC
H
3
f2 HS
f2 HS
f1
f1
f2 HS 2
f1
f1
f1
f1
1
40
Iub
Associated
Dedicated
Channels
Camping in idle
3
4
RRM policy
Speech
CS Streaming
New!
Int. 64/384
SP64
PS Streaming+Int 8/8
Int. 64/128
SP0
Int. 64/64
UDI (CS64)
UDI+Int. 8/8
New!
New!
SP0 not available
RAB Release
RAB Establishment
Channel Switching
41
Int. FACH
SRB
HS-DSCH
(uplink 64 or 384)
RAB
Establishment
RAB Release
SRBDCH
Signaling
Connection
handling
Idle
42
HS+f1
f2 HS
f2 HS
f2 HS
f1
f1
f1
HS+ f1
f2
f1
43
RAB establishment
UTRAN
UE
SRB - DCH
SGSN
2
Possible Inter frequency hard handover
44
Capability analysis
the present UE state is SRB-DCH and if the RAB mapping gives as result PS interactive
or PS background
the Access stratum release indicator received from UE indicates Rel-5 or later
release,
the Physical channel capability received from UE indicates that the UE supports FDD
HS-PDSCH (any HS-DSCH-physical-layer-category shall be supported),
if the existing UE capability check for L2 are successful
UE
UTRAN
SGSN
SRB - DCH
RANAP: RAB Assignment Request
(establish PS Interactive/Background RAB)
46
If the HS-DSCH is enabled in the target cell, an hard handover New active set
is tried to the new selected cell.
DCH
Coverage relations
The coverage relation is a unique uni-directional relation between two
cells, a source and a target cell.
The purpose of the coverage relation is to give the operator a possibility to
distribute HSDPA downlink traffic among the cells of an RNC.
The target cell covers almost the same area and can be assigned the
same frequency or different ones. Typically the cells will be co-located.
A coverage relation is
defined for a source cell
with the parameters (3GPP
R5 25.423):
hsPathLossThreshold
utranCellRef (the target cell)
coverageIndicator
47
2nd carrier
f2 HS
f2
HS
f2 HS
f2 HS
ff1
1
f1
f1
f1
f1
48
1st carrier
49
RB setup (1/2)
UE
DRNC
DRNC
2. Allocate resources
3. NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare
4. RNSAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare
4. Admission request
4. Allocate resources
4. NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare
5. Allocate resources
5. Allocate resources
6. NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready
SRNC
1. Admission request
RBS
RBS
50
RB setup (2/2)
Different levels of Admission control runs in the RNC
For the selected serving HS-DSCH cell, run Admission Control algorithm for the
A-DCH configuration and for HS-DSCH configuration (number of serving links).
For the other cells within SRNC, run Admission Control algorithm for the A-DCH
configuration.
The RANAP RAB Assignment Response is sent to the CN when the Radio
Bearer Setup Complete has been received.
The handling of UL/DL user data on RLC level is done as in the R99 for PS
interactive RB.
51
UL: 64 or 384?
Which UL A-DCH to set is decided during the AC phase.
From an AC point of view, there are 2 guaranteed-hs service types:
PS64/HS Interactive PS service with rate 64 kbps in uplink and HS-DSCH using
up to 5 HS-PDSCH codes in downlink.
PS384/HS Interactive PS service with rate 384 kbps in uplink and HS-DSCH
using up to 5 HS-PDSCH codes in downlink.
A part from the other AC check there are 2 special checks for the UL ADCH:
Histogram Admission Policy: requests demanding spreading factor 4 in uplink
(PS384/HS radio connection type) are compared with sf4AdmUl.
The path loss is checked in order to understand if a 384 UL bearer can be
sustained.
If the 384 RB is denied (or is accepted but the RBS dont find the
synchronization in the establishment phase) the connection is established
on the 64 RB.
52
53
HS-DSCH
(uplink 64 or
384)
SRB
DC
H
Idle
RAB Combinations:
Interactive 64/HS kbps PS RAB
UL: Interactive 64 kbps PS RB + 3.4 kbps
SRBs on DPCH
DL: Interactive PS RB on HS-PDSCH + 3.4
kbps SRBs on DPCH
54
Speech
call
Iu
RNC
Incoming CS call
no multi RABs
UE
Iub
H
HSS-DS
HS -SC CH
CH
DP
CC
f H f HS
f HS
UTRAN
f HS
MSC SGSN
55
Agenda
1.
1. Overview
Overview
2.
2. Architecture
Architecture
3.
3. Channel
Channel Structure
Structure
4.
4. Accessibility
Accessibility &
& Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
5.
5. InterFrequency
InterFrequency Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
Mobility:
Mobility:
6.
6. Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
Intra-HSDPA
Intra-HSDPA
7.
7. KPIs
KPIs
56
Since No Soft/Softer HO exist for HSDSCH, there will be only one serving
Iu
cell for the HS-DSCH.
Iu
RNC
RNC
Iur
Iub
Iub
HS
HS DSCH
HS -SCC
-DP H
CC
H
57
Associated
Dedicated
Channels
Iub
58
1 layer
f
59
HS
f2 HS
HS
f2 HS
f
f2 HS
f1
f1
2 layers
f2 HS
f1
f1
f1
f1
60
Measurement reporting
4 types of intra-frequency measurements are defined in the 3GPP:
Event 1a: Add cell
Event 1b: Delete cell
Event 1c: Replace cell
Note that the RNC can configure more than 1 measurement report for the
same event.
61
Mobility Example
2
event 1b:
Delete cell2
cell 1
cell 2
cell 3
-5
Ec/N0 [dB]
event 1a:
Add cell 2, to the AS
Add cell 3, to the AS
-10
-15
event 1d:
Change of best cell, to cell 3
-20
0
62
time [s]
10
15
63
A-DCH handover
In the previous slide it is stated that there will be only one serving cell for
the HS-DSCH. This does not mean that the UE is connected to only one
cell.
For what concerns the A-DCH they continue to perfrom soft and softer
hand-over as in normal R99 case.
Note that HS-DPCCH can be only in softer HO.
In the example supposing the best server does not change...
A-DCH
HS-DSCH
R99
64
R99
HS
R99
HS
HS
HS
HS
HS
HS
HS
65
66
Measurement
quantity
Rep. Range 1b
Rep. Range 1a
P_CPICH 2
hysteresis _ 1d hs
A-DCH on cell 2
only
Reporting
event 1a
67
Reporting
event 1d-hs
Reporting
event 1b
time
f HS
f2 HS 2 f2 HS
Ex1
Cell Selection
f HS
f HS
f1 HS 2 f1 HS f1 HS 2 f1 HS
RNC
RNC
Cell Selection
f HS
R99 2
R99
HS
HS
68
f HS
R99 2
HS
HS
Ex3
f2 HSf2 HS f2 HS
R99
R99
R99
f2 HSf2 HS f2 HS
Ex 2
R99
R99
R99
Ex 4
GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
Ex 5
f HS
R99 2
R99
HS
HS
R99
R99
R99
R99
GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
69
Agenda
1.
1. Overview
Overview
2.
2. Architecture
Architecture
3.
3. Channel
Channel Structure
Structure
4.
4. Accessibility
Accessibility &
& Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
5.
5. InterFrequency
InterFrequency Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
6.
6. Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
7.
7. KPIs
KPIs
70
Carrier mobility
A user conected with a UMTS network on a certain carrier can move out of
the its layer coverage.
There are 2 mechanisms to avoid the drop, at least for some services:
Inter-RAT Handover
Inter-Frequency Handover
HS
-S C
f2 HS
CH
f2 HS
f1
f2 HS
f1
f1
f1
f1
f1
GSM
GSM GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
GSM
71
UE moves to poor
carrier coverage area
and reports to UTRAN
UTRAN commands
CM measurements
UTRAN
2
72
Core
Core
Network
Network
GSM/
Other Carrier
73
L1
CM
HOCompressed Mode
L2
Evaluated In parallel
At the same time, the cell in the target layer should have the quality good
enough. That means:
For GSM: the quality of the measured GSM cells is above a gsmThresh3a.
For the second UMTS layer: the measured best cell on unused frequency is
above both the thresholds nonUsedFreqThresh4_2bEcno and
nonUsedFreqThresh4_2bRscp
74
CPICH
Ec/No
CPICH
RSCP
Start
CPM
Initial
Cell
75
UE TX
power
Other layer
good enough
Start
CPM
HO Start
trigg CPM
HO
trigg
HO
trigg
76
IF or IRAT?
Where?
f2 HS
f1
f1
Hence, for a certain cell only one of the 2 Handover types will
be allowed.
GSM
GSM
77
CIPICH dimensioning
Dimensioning example
79
Impact on coverage
New area the cell
CM start Tx Pwr
HO RSCP
Area
WCDMA RBS
without
CM
CM start Ec/No
HO Ec/N0
CM start RSCP
HO RSCP
80
Anyway:
they can experiment it when in connected mode with a R99 RAB or in other dedicated
connection.
They can impact on other users behavior
81
GSM->WCDMA
entering area
WCDMA Service
WCDMA RBS
WCDMA->GSM normal
reselection area
Unstable areas
Ec/No>FDDQMIN
RSCP>GSM_RLA +FDDQOFF
Ec/No>qQualMin+sRATsearch
GSM coverage
82
Agenda
1.
1. Overview
Overview
2.
2. Architecture
Architecture
3.
3. Channel
Channel Structure
Structure
4.
4. Accessibility
Accessibility &
& Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
Algorithm
Algorithm
5.
InterFrequency
Mobility
Principles
5. InterFrequency Mobility Principles
6.
6. Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
7.
7. KPIs
KPIs
83
84
Dedicated Resources
RF POWER:
the total transmitted carrier power is constantly monitored by the algorithm. When the value exceeds some
configurable thresholds the admission/congestion take decisions for guaranteed and non-guaranteed service
class connections
CODE
Code Usage: the total number of codes is monitored.
Code Hystogram: the number of codes used for each SF are monitored. The max number of code for
each SF is configurable. A control is also done on the maximum number of compressed mode connections
85
86
85%
35%
75%
default values
Default values:
pwrOffset = +5% 90%
pwrHyst = 600 ms
87
Traffic Algorithms
The PS traffic (non-guaranteed) is
managed by the RRM algorithms with a
lower priority at several levels:
Lower threshold on AC
First user to be considered for Congestion
actions
88
The measurement of code tree utilization considers the codes allocated for HSPDSCH and HS-SCCH channels.
89
RNC
Iub
HS
HS -DSC
H S -S C C H
-DP H
CC
H
f HS
R99
90
f2 HS
R99
Iur
Associated
Dedicated
Channels
f2 HS1
R99
HS-DSCH:
91
Dedicated
Channels
HS-PDSCH
(default)
The operator configure and reserve the number of HS-PDSCH codes allocated in a
cell for HSDPA (numHsPdschCodes)
92
93
HSDPA UL Histogram AC
The operator can set a limit for the guaranteed-hs admission requests
demanding spreading factor 4 in uplink that can be accepted (in cells where the
PS384/HS is activated)
The threshold is set according to the parameter sf4AdmUl
This policy allows the operator to disable the PS384/HS feature on a cell basis
sf4AdmUl can be reduced if the uplink is experienced as problematic, for
example due to high Received Total Wideband Power or transport network
problems
94
95
guaranteed-hs / handover
Reject
Admission Granted
guaranteed-hs / non-handover
Reject
Admission
Granted
pwrAdm beMarginPwrAdm
Admission Granted
pwrAdm + pwrAdmOffset
pwrAdm
guaranteed / handover
Reject
Power
Admission Granted
guaranteed / non-handover
non-guaranteed / handover
Reject
non-guaranteed /
non-handover
HSDPA
Total available cell power
Dedicated channels
Common channels
96
tmInitialG
tmInitialGhs
tmCongActionNg
Release non-guaranteed traffic
tmCongActionGhs
Release guaranteed HS traffic
tmCongAction
Release guaranteed traffic
Power
tmCongActionGhs time interval between congestion
release actions on HSDPA
releaseAseDIGhs amount of ASE to be released at
congestion resolve action
Congestion threshold
All non-guaranteed traffic
released.
tmCongActionGhs is restarted as
tmInitialGhs has not expired.
Time
This policy enforces the higher retention priority of
CS services compared to interactive services
97
Agenda
1.
1. Overview
Overview
2.
2. Architecture
Architecture
3.
3. Channel
Channel Structure
Structure
4.
4. Accessibility
Accessibility &
& Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
Load
Load Sharing
Sharing
Techniques
Techniques
5.
InterFrequency
Mobility
Principles
5. InterFrequency Mobility Principles
6.
6. Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
7.
7. KPIs
KPIs
98
Both load-sharing features redirect calls during the connection setup phase:
RRC connection setup for IF load Sharing
RAB setup for Directed retry
Both IF HO and Directed retry will be present at the same time but IF will act first!
99
IF
50%
Time
Cell Load
Cell Load
DR
thr
Time
Speech call (without packet connection) is the only service that is targeted since
it is also the only one that is safe to divert to GSM
This handover is a blind HO since the target cell is chosen not based on UE
measurements. Therefore, the target cell must be co-located with the WCDMA
cell.
There are 2 control parameters:
loadSharingGsmThreshold
specifies the minimum cell load at which off-loading to
GSM begins.
loadSharingGsmFraction specifies
Cell Load
DR
loadSharingGsmThreshold
10
If the cell load is higher than 50%, the load of the co-located load-sharing neighbor is compared with
the accessed cell and the least loaded cell is chosen as target.
If the target cell is less loaded, the UE will not be instructed directly to go to the target cell but it will
be told to scan for a suitable cell in the frequency of the target cell, by sending an RRC Connection
Reject message.
UMTS L2
UMTS L1
3
1
>=<
Cell 2
2
Load
The mobile starts a RRC connection establishment procedure ( NO distinction in RRC cause is made)
Load
50%
Cell 1
GSM
10
IF Load Sharing
Here an example of comparison between 2 different frequency is reported.
L[2]
L[2] == 33%
33%----L[1]
L[1]= =60%
60%
L[1]
L[2]
R[2],
L[1]
L[2]>
Select
Second Carrier
> 50
L[1] <
% ->20%
Select
Second
Compare
the
load Carrier
with the
-> Dont
do anything
Layer 2
33%
Layer 1
33% candidate
load sharing
100%
loadSharingThreshold
(20%)
First
Carrier
>=<
Cell 2
Load
Load
33%
60%
Cell 1
DL power in use
100%
10
Power/
pwrAdm
Power/
pwrAdm
loadSharingMargin (10%)
Power/
100% pwrAdm
33%
Layer 1
>=<
Cell 2
Load
Load
50%
Cell 1
loadSharingThreshold
Free Resource
(20%)
60%
DL power in use
100%
Power/
pwrAdm
This parameter gives the operator the possibility to reserve a higher priority to the HSDPA users on
the second carriers (in case this is deployed and HSDPA is introduced there)
10
Apart from the load sharing algorithm, other aspects have to be managed
and tuned with the introduction of the second layer:
Mobility:
Accessibility:
The first IF Load Sharing will increase the call set up time.
10
At them moment, there are several terminal types not fully supporting the
features to manage a second layer. In particular several models are not IF
HO capable.
Agenda
1.
1. Overview
Overview
2.
2. Architecture
Architecture
3.
3. Channel
Channel Structure
Structure
4.
4. Accessibility
Accessibility &
& Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
Cell
Cell Breathing
Breathing
5.
5. InterFrequency
InterFrequency Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
6.
6. Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
7.
7. KPIs
KPIs
10
UL
high
DL
high
Load
Loa
d
WCDMA RBS
UL low
load
Ec/N0Cpich = RSCP/RSSI
= Pcpich/( (PtotIntra + Ptotinter + Noise)
(*P = received power)
10
DL low
load
DL
high
Load
CM start
IRAT
WCDMA RBS
Agenda
1.
1. Overview
Overview
2.
2. Architecture
Architecture
3.
3. Channel
Channel Structure
Structure
4.
4. Accessibility
Accessibility &
& Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
5.
5. InterFrequency
InterFrequency Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
Accessibility
Accessibility KPI
KPI
6.
6. Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
6.
6. KPIs
KPIs
10
11
RRC _ Succ _ PS
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqCsSucc
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqCs
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqCs - pmNoLoadSharingRrcConn
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReq
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqPsSucc
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqPs
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqPs - pmNoLoadSharingRrcConn
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReq
The basic idea is to calculate the load sharing reject for PS and CS by a
wheight factor given by the fraction of the RRC_CS (or PS) respect to the total
number of RRCs. In case of RRC Succ general the formula is muche more
simple instead....
RRC _ Succ _ general
11
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqSucc
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReq - pmNoLoadSharingRrcConn
120%
9000
100%
8000
7000
80%
6000
5000
4000
LoadSharingReject
60%
RRC_SUC_PS_LS
40%
3000
2000
20%
1000
0%
Days
11
RRC_SUC_CS_LS
120.0%
9000
100.0%
8000
7000
80.0%
6000
5000
60.0%
4000
40.0%
3000
2000
20.0%
1000
0.0%
Days
11
LoadSharingEvents
RRC_SUC_LS
>100% values
105.0%
100.0%
RRC_SUC_LS
95.0%
RRC_SUC_CS_LS
RRC_SUC_PS_LS
90.0%
85.0%
Strong KPI
deterioration
80.0%
Days
Please consider that the values are calculated on daily base. So they
11should be quite stable
Conclusions (1/2)
When Load sharing is introduce the accessibility formulae should be updated to
take into consideration the RRC Connection Attempts rejected to be redirected
towards the other frequency ().
While no problem should exist for the tot accessibility formula:
RRC _ Succ _ general
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqSucc
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReq - pmNoLoadSharingRrcConn
RRC _ Succ _ PS
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqCsSucc
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqCs
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqCs - pmNoLoadSharingRrcConn
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReq
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqPsSucc
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqPs
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReqPs - pmNoLoadSharingRrcConn
pmTotNoRrc ConnectReq
However the estimation given by this KPI is not extremely stable/reliable and
accurate (the average error seems to be acceptable compared to the error that
affects the other formulae but the fluctuation are high).
11
Conclusions
An alternative suggestion could be to use the following formula for CSSR
CSSR_CS = RRC_Succ_Global x RAB_CS_Succ
CSSR_PS = RRC_Succ_Global x RAB_PS_Succ
The estimation given by this KPI is much more stable/reliable and the average
error seems to be acceptable compared to the error that affects the other
formulae.
The main drawback of this solution is that the Global RRC Succ is often a little bit
worse compared with the real CS and PS values.
(This is probably related to different radio environment: i.e. the major part
of RRC Connections are established for registration purpose, when the
UE is entering back to 3G coverage; those radio procedures often occur
at cell coverage borders and so are affected by a worse performance.)
11
Agenda
1.
1. Overview
Overview
2.
2. Architecture
Architecture
3.
3. Channel
Channel Structure
Structure
4.
4. Accessibility
Accessibility &
& Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
5.
5. InterFrequency
InterFrequency Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
RBS
RBS KPI
KPI
6.
6. Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
6.
6. KPIs
KPIs
11
Throughput
Scheduling Ratio and Transmission efficiency
CQI/ACK/NACK
Power
RBS RSSI
11
Throughput Counters
Counters:
pmSumAckedBits: the number of Media Access Control high-speed (MAC-hs) bits received and
acknowledged by the UE.
pmSumTransmittedBits: the number of transmitted bits at MAC-hs, level including retransmissions
pmSumNonEmptyUserBuffers: The number of user buffers containing high-speed data.
pmNoActiveSubFrames: the number of subframes containing high-speed data transmitted by the
RBS.
pmNoInactiveRequiredSubFrames: the number of empty subframes transmitted even though data is
scheduled for priority queue.
11
Throughput KPIs
DSCH UE Thr. NET = Av. Throughput (PS-HS) without retransmission: Sum(pmSumAckedBits)/
(Sum(pmSumNonEmptyUserBuffers)*0.002s)
DSCH Cell Thr. GROSS = The MAC-hs data rate on cell level
pmSumTransmittedBits / (0.002 s* pmNoActiveSubFrame)
12
12
Average
RBS
DSCH UE
RBS
Number
Sector
Throughput
Sector
Of UE In
Carrier
NET
a Queue
3
2
1
3
2
3
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
3
3
3
1
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.01
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.01
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
92.32
164.11
183.97
218.77
242.96
248.4
324.44
352.6
389
399.94
424.5
449.73
456.78
509.66
518.67
556.41
632.88
652.58
662.62
710.73
734.94
764.56
770.18
828.63
881.87
1,183.36
1,200.85
1,285.29
1,318.85
DSCH UE
Throughput
GROSS
148.32
221.32
202.45
259.69
350.73
405.3
405.58
566.15
518.5
542.16
500.75
749.43
565.98
552.27
518.67
648.95
838.31
878.57
1,142.64
1,071.00
901.09
995.06
1,170.15
1,319.63
1,205.44
1,390.58
1,605.63
1,503.11
1,537.49
313.11
357.98
322.04
259.69
350.73
405.3
406.02
789.63
518.5
542.16
500.75
769.76
565.98
552.27
518.67
649.67
838.31
1,011.47
1,142.64
1,071.00
1,015.96
1,063.51
1,177.84
1,486.14
1,248.20
1,402.94
1,605.63
1,503.53
1,578.52
Scheduling Ratio = This KPI simply highlights the percentage of time the HS-DSCH is used
Sum(pmNoActiveSubFrame)*0.002/ (ROP period)
Transmission ratio = This highlight the percentage of time there is something to transmit. This is a good index on
how efficiently the application level can exploit DSCH capabilities
(Sum(pmNoActiveSubFrame)+Sum(pmNoInactiveRequiredSubFrame))*0.002 /
(ROP period)
12
The first index to look at when talking about transmission efficiency is the ratio
between the used TTI (the one where something is transmitted) and the total
#TTI in the test period
PDU is transmitted
Nothing transmitted
12
12
%
%
Sector Carrier Scheduling Tranmission
Ratio
Ratio
3
2
1
3
2
3
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
3
3
3
1
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
0.00%
1.54%
0.01%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.11%
0.00%
0.00%
0.03%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.12%
0.02%
0.06%
0.00%
0.15%
0.11%
0.01%
0.03%
0.34%
0.09%
0.06%
0.07%
0.03%
0.14%
0.00%
2.49%
0.02%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.11%
0.00%
0.00%
0.03%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.12%
0.02%
0.07%
0.00%
0.15%
0.12%
0.01%
0.03%
0.38%
0.09%
0.06%
0.07%
0.03%
0.15%
CQI/ACK/NACK counters
pmUsedCqi: the CQI, used by the RBS for scheduling the priority queue for
the HS-DSCH.
12
CQI/ACK/NACK KPIs
HS-BLER: pmNackReceived /(pmNackReceived + pmAckReceived)
RtxOverhead = Percentage of the Retransmitted bits over the total
100*(pmSumTransmittedBits - pmSumAckedBits) /(pmSumTransmittedBits)
CQI specific
Av. Reported
Av. USed CQI
Delta CQI = Difference between the 2 averaged values above. This is an index of how much CQI adjustment acts.
CQIequalTo0 = Count(CQIreported=0)/Count(CQIreported). This is the main reason of MAC inefficiency
InvalidCQI = invalideCQI/Count(CQIreported). Not clear what invlid means
(pmNackReceived+pmAckReceived)/ActiveFrame
12
HS scheduling
Baseline
Reported BLER [%]
RtxOverhead [%]
Av Reported CQI
Av Used CQI
Delta CQI
(ACK+NACK)/Active [%]
CQI = 0 [%]
12,6
14,8
10,1
9,8
0,32
98,68
0,79
Test 2
12,5
15,0
17,0
16,5
0,48
97,29
0,01
12
12
RBS
Sector
Carrier
2
1
3
3
2
1
2
1
3
1
3
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
3
2
3
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
MAC
% HS% Rtx
Transmission
BLER
Overhead Efficiency
0.00%
0.00%
100.00%
4.14%
9.13%
62.87%
8.85%
15.23%
100.00%
9.43%
7.72%
100.00%
10.01%
25.85%
61.83%
11.74%
14.26%
99.89%
12.03%
14.22%
97.41%
12.99%
14.90%
99.12%
13.28%
14.49%
99.97%
13.64%
19.29%
100.00%
14.18%
18.44%
89.32%
14.34%
20.01%
99.89%
15.38%
15.76%
100.00%
18.06%
23.16%
93.56%
18.24%
39.99%
98.14%
18.33%
25.72%
87.02%
18.44%
24.51%
100.00%
19.62%
26.23%
100.00%
21.05%
37.76%
47.37%
22.70%
26.84%
96.60%
23.36%
33.64%
100.00%
23.64%
37.72%
71.70%
24.27%
25.21%
100.00%
25.00%
24.98%
100.00%
27.50%
37.21%
88.80%
28.36%
34.18%
99.35%
30.77%
30.73%
100.00%
33.68%
38.71%
100.00%
38.09%
42.01%
100.00%
RBS power
pmTransmittedCarrierPowerNonHs: The transmitted carrier power for all
non high-speed codes in the cell.
pmTransmittedCarrierPower: the transmitted carrier power measured at
the TX reference point every 4 seconds.
Notes:
Every 100 ms the transmitted carrier power for all non high-speed codes in the
cell are sampled. The problem is that there are not necessary data enough to
transmit in every slot: hence some kind of normalization should be investigated.
12
Tx Power examples
0.5
TxCarrierPower
R99Power
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
13
Note that the HS power is an estimation of the power transmitted for the HS on average
during the test period but it is NOT an estimate of the power that HS required in the cell!
The activity of the HS (when we transmit something) is still low (80%).
Maybe a more interesting KPI could be:
TotalHS_power/SchedulingRatio*100
= 100*3.22/81.3 = 3.96 W
It is interesting to notice anyway that even with a single user the MaxTxPower is reached.
13
13
Agenda
1.
1. Overview
Overview
2.
2. Architecture
Architecture
3.
3. Channel
Channel Structure
Structure
4.
4. Accessibility
Accessibility &
& Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
5.
5. InterFrequency
InterFrequency Mobility
Mobility Principles
Principles
RNC
RNC KPI
KPI
6.
6. Capacity
Capacity Management
Management
6.
6. KPIs
KPIs
13
Av_HS(Hsds ch)
Av_Auto_HS(Hsdsch)
pmHsDowntimeAuto
*100
24 * 3600
Av_Man_HS( Hsdsch)
pmHsDowntimeMan
* 100
24 * 3600
The length of time in seconds that a cell is available for Packet Interactive HS service is defined as cell HS availability. in the example, the cell HS availability during 24 hour period is
reported.
13
Accessibility
attempted
PS Interactive RAB
The newThe
andnumber
existingofcell
countersRAB
usedestablishments
in the PS RABfor
establishment
mapped
on HS-DSCH
(stepped
procedure
are given
in the following
list: for the selected Serving HS-DSCH cell
at RAB establishment and before possible Inter-Frequency HO).
Counter name
pmNoRabEstablishAttemptPacketInteractive
Existing
pmNoRabEstablishSuccessPacketInteractive
pmNoRabEstablishAttemptPacketInteractiveHs
pmNoRabEstablishSuccessPacketInteractiveHs
pmNoOutgoingHsHardHoAttempt
pmNoIncomingHsHardHoAttempt
pmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChSource
pmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChTarget
13
New
NumberNew
of failed Hard HO for serving HSDSCH cell selection and UE
connection maintained (in the target cell).
Accessibility/ IF counters
13
Accessibility
100 *
(pmNoRabEstablishAttemptPacketInteractive pmNoOutgoingHsHardHoAttempt
+ pmNoIncomingHsHardHoAttempt +pmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChSourcepmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChTarget )
13
pmNoRabEstablishSuccessPacketInteractiveHs
pmNoRabEstablishAttemptPacketInteractiveHs
InterFrequency Handover
1) PS Interactive HS Hard Handover outgoing success rate
PS_M_HSHardOut_S
pmNoOutgoingHsHardHoSuccess
*100
pmNoOutgoingHsHardHoAttempt
PS_M_HSHardIn_S
pmNoIncomingHsHardHoSuccess
*100
pmNoIncomingHsHardHoAttempt
PS_M_HSHardOldCh_Source
pmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChSource
*100
pmNoOutgoingHsHardHoAttempt
PS_M_HSHardOldCh_Tar get
pmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChTarget
*100
pmNoIncomingHsHardHoAttempt
* 100
pmNoOutgoingHsHardHoAttempt
13
* 100
Retainability
The new and existing cell counters used for Retainability are given in the
following list:
Counter name
pmNoSystemRabReleasePacket
pmNoNormalRabReleasePacket
pmChSwitchFachIdle
pmNoTpSwitchSp64Speech
pmNoSystemRbReleaseHs
pmNoNormalRbReleaseHs
pmInactivityHsIdle
13
Existing
Retainability
100 *
pmNoSystemRbReleaseHs
pmNoSystemRbReleaseHs + pmNoNormalRbReleaseHs
100 *
14
( pmNoSystemRabReleasePacket )
pmNoSystemRabReleasePacket + pmNoNormalRabReleasePacket
System Utilization
It is possible to measure HS A-DCH utilisation in terms of code usage and average number of users per cell.
Two new set of counters shall be implemented. The first set is used to observe the HS A-DCH code utilisation per cell. The KPI indicates the the total number of A-DCH radio
bearers established in a cell.
( pmSumPsHsAdchRabEstablish /pmSamplePsHsAdchRabEstablish )
The second set is used to observe the average number of users per cell (hence the number of HS users), which is done by looking only at the best cell:
14
(pmSumBestPsHsAdchRabEstablish /pmSampleBestPsHsAdchRabEstablish )
Throughput
14
Throughput
1) Average Throughput for PS interactive HS
(RNC Level)
PintHS_I_TP
PintHS_I_Ret 1
(RNC Level)
PDHs12 PDHs34
Where:
PintHS_I_DATA
(RNC Level)
1000000
14
*8
Object Name
RNCCN1
RNCKS1
RNCKS2
RNCNY1
14
Retrans Rate
PS Int HS
99.63%
99.49%
100.00%
98.03%
Mobility
For mobility only the HS serving cell
Note
that no .AC is
change procedure is
considered
Counter name
New/existing
pmNoHsCcSuccess
New
pmNoHsCcAttemptt
New
14
14