The Age of Andrew Jackson

Nationalism to Sectionalism
1823 - 1860

Nationalism v. Sectionalism
NATIONALISM

Devotion to ones country

People are willing to put interests of the nation
before their own

SECTIONALISM

vs.

Loyalty to a region or area

Primary concern is for what helps me the most

Jacksonian Democracy
1820s Expansion of
Democracy

States dropped property qualifications to vote

Universal adult white male suffrage
Rotation in office gave more people the opportunity
to serve in government

Spoils system

To the victor belongs the spoils

Appointments were made on basis of political loyalties (not
always on merit or ability)

National Nominating Convention replaced caucus

as method to choose political party candidates
Return of the 2-party system

Increased
A White Mans Democracy

Slavery existed
Women had no political or legal
rights
Native Americans lost rights and land

Election of 1824

All candidates were Republicans

Only real issue in the campaign was
the character of the candidates

The Results no majority in Electoral

College!
Andrew
Jackson

Tennessee

99 electoral votes

John
Quincy
Adams
William
Crawford

Massachusett 84 electoral votes

s
(31% of popular vote)

Henry
Clay

Kentucky

(43% of popular vote)

Georgia

41 electoral votes
(13% of popular vote)

37 electoral votes
(13% of popular vote)

Election to be decided by
House of Representatives
Andrew
Jackson
John
Quincy
Adams
William
Crawford
Henry Clay
eliminated

Tennessee

99 electoral
votes
Massachusetts 84 electoral
votes
Georgia
Kentucky

41 electoral
votes
37 electoral
votes

The Corrupt Bargain

Deal between JQ Adams and Clay

Clay would encourage his states to
vote for Adams when the House of
Representatives voted, if Adams
would appoint Clay to be Secretary of
State

Jackson supporters were

outraged

Jackson had received the greatest

number of popular votes and the
greatest number of electoral votes,
but Adams was chosen to be
President
Jackson supporters felt they had been
robbed; vowed to get Jackson
elected the next time

Election of 1828

Andrew Jackson v. John Quincy Adams

Only issue personalities

Jackson won after a campaign filled

with mud-slinging and name calling
Revolution of 1828

3 times the number of voters than in

previous election

All Creation Going to the White

House

Why was Andrew Jackson so

popular?... The Peoples
President

Frontiersman not from

Virginia or Massachusetts
Common man could
identify with him
believed they had
elected one of their
own; lacked a formal
education
War hero Battle of New
Orleans
Indian fighter fought
the Creek in Tennessee
and the Seminoles in
Florida

Jacksons Cabinet

Official Cabinet

Political new-comers; not much help to

Jackson

Kitchen Cabinet

Jacksons friends who met with him in

the Kitchen of the White House; gave
him honest, straight-forward advice

Issues in the Jackson

Administration
Nullification

The

and the Tarif

Bank of the United States

Removal

of the Indians

The Tarif and Nullification

Opinions
North supported to protect
developing industries and jobs
South opposed because it raised
prices and few industries were
located in the South
West sided with North; success tied
to success of the North

Tarif of Abominations

1828 High protective tarif lowered in

1832 but not enough to please some
(South).

Nullification

Define: the act of canceling a law

(usually a state canceling a national
law)

South Carolina Exposition and Protest

written by J.C. Calhoun

Expressed the states rights philosophy that

if the states created the union the states had
the right to decide whether or not to accept
laws passed by the national government

South Carolina declared the tarif null &

void in the state and warned they
would secede from the Union if the
national govt attempted to collect the
tarif.

FORCE BILL
Congress authorized President
Jackson to collect the tarif by using
military force

Compromise Tarif of 1833

Arranged by Henry Clay (The Great

Compromiser)

Gradually lowered the tarif over 10

year period
Accepted by all sides
(But just to prove the point, South
Carolina nullified the Force Bill)
Andrew Jackson ignored SC action

The Bank of the United

States

Opinions

North generally supported the BUS

provided money for industrialization
South generally opposed the BUS
symbol of the wealthy & powerful
central government; preferred local,
state banks
West generally opposed the BUS
didnt favor farmers

The Bank of the United

States

Why was it the Monster?

Powerful institution used by the wealthy

and the industries to make a profit
Jackson hated the BUS and vowed to
veto the re-charter when it came up in
1836

Why was the Bank charter rescheduled for 1832

(when it was originally scheduled for 1836)?
To make it an election year issue for Andrew
Jackson and force Jackson to take a stand; that
was the only hope Clay had to defeat Jackson
Veto lose support of North
Not Veto lose support of South & West

What action concerning the Bank did

President Jackson take?
He vetoed the re-charter

What was the result of the Election of

1832?

Jackson won by a wide margin

Saw that as a sign from the people that
they approved of his veto and he took
steps to kill the Bank
Jackson ordered the Secretary of the
Treasury to remove govt deposits from
the BUS

Pet Banks

Were specially selected state banks that

would hold the govt money
More sympathetic to farmers

Indian Removal

Indian Removal Policy

1830 Congress passed the Indian

Removal Act forced resettlement to
the west of the Mississippi River
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia 1831

Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee

were not a foreign nation and had no
right to sue in federal court

Worcester v. Georgia 1832

Supreme Court ruled that Georgia law
had no authority on Cherokee land
Native Americans were not a state
matterrefused to enforce the Courts
Jackson

order
John Marshall made his decision, now let
him enforce it
Cherokee won the case but ended up
losing the land and were force westward
along what is known as the Trail of Tears

The Trail of Tears

The Trail of Tears

By Robert Lindneux,1942

King Andrew the First