Module 3.

Situational Analysis

ORIENTATION
Situational Analysis

Objectives:
1. Assessing resources and resource uses;
2. Generating map with the proposed protection
and production forestlands;
3. Identifying problems, issues, and opportunities
based on current situations and resource uses;
4. Assessing stakeholders and institutions and
5. Generating proposed allocation (tenure) of
forestland.

Methods and Expected Outputs:

1. Review current forestland assets
(1) biophysical resources (Tables 1.-13. & 15.)
(2) social/cultural/economic resources (Tables 16.)
(3) institutional resources (Tables 19.)

2. Review trends/changes in resource assets (Table 9. FGD Results)

Agree on criteria and identify primary management zones
protection and production forests/areas (Map 15. & 16., Table 14)
Consider relationships/conflicts among users and stakeholders &
capabilities of resource institutions to manage the LGUs
forestland (Table 16.)
Identify possible problems/ issues, needs and opportunities
(Guiding Questions for Situational Analysis)

Steps
Situational Analysis

STEPS of Situational
Analysis
STEP 3.
STEP 2.
STEP
1.

Orientation and
preparation of data for
analysis Final data:
14 Thematic Maps
2 Derived Maps
Forestland Assets
Community Profile
Institutional Profile

Consensus Building
DENR Technical
Discussion
C/MDC Meeting
(Final Proposed
Allocation)

Situational
Analysis
workshop (issues
and opportunities)
and preliminary
Cross visit to LGU
proposed allocation implementing FLUP

STEPS of Situational
Analysis
STEP 1. Finalization
of data for analysis
14 Thematic Maps

Derived Maps

TABLES 1.15., 17. &

18.

Communi
ty Profile
TABLE 16.

Institution
al Profile
TABLE 19.

Finalize: 14 thematic maps, 2 derived maps, community profile,

complete institutional profile

STEPS of Situational
Analysis
STEP 2. Situational
Analysis Workshop
Analysis of Issues and Opportunities & Proposed
Allocation
ANALYSIS of ISSUES &
OPPORTUNITIES

Protectio
n
vs
Productio
n

14
Thematic
Maps
Water
Production
Areas
Community
Profile

Issues
&
Opportun
ities

ORIENTATION
to
ALLOCATION
OPTIONS

PROPOSED
ALLOCATIO
N

Institutional
Profile
Combine data, analyze and derive main issues, constraints and
opportunities, after orientation to allocation options propose appropriate
allocation for open access areas

STEPS of Situational
Analysis
STEP 3.
Consensus Building
to agree FINAL ALLOCATION and propose strategies
1 day
Technical
Discussion with
DENR
1 day
Presentation
to C/MDC

PROPOSED
ALLOCATIO
N

INITIAL
SUPPORT
STRATEGIES

FOR
STRATEGIC
PLANNING

Present the results of SA to DENR and Municipal Development

Council, finalize allocation and get feedback. Cross visit to LGU
implementing FLUP is also recommended at this stage. It will
help MTWG to draft strategies during the next module.

STEP 1.
Finalization
of Data
for Situational
Analysis

STEP 1. Finalization of data

1. Mapping Group
to produce derived maps
and
tables based on all maps

(Protection vs. Production and WPA)

2. Community Profiling Group

to check/finalize the Community Profile and findings of FGD
to produce Institutional Profile with the help of
facilitators

Mapping Group:

Forest and Forestland

Assets
Bio-Physical

Identify Current Resource Assets and how much is available

land, water bodies and watersheds, natural forests, plantations,
biodiversity resources, nature based tourism assets, grazing, minerals,
grassland/ brushlands, cultivated forestlands, etc (use thematic maps)
Determine the extent of these resources and where these are
located - (area) & barangay locations.
(Overlay resource thematic maps and barangay admin map)
RESULT: Tables 1.-13. & 15.

Mapping
Group:

FFL Assets by barangay

Tables 1.-8. & 10.-13. &

15.
FFL Assets
Watershed A
Watershed B
Watershed C
Watershed N
Total Land Area
- Forest lands
- A & D lands
Water bodies
- Rivers and creeks (kms.)
Natural Forests
- Upland (ha)
- Mangroves (ha)
Plantations
Water infrastructures
- irrigation (no.)
- domestic water reservoirs (no.)
- hydro power (no.)
Water production
- catchment areas (ha)
- irrigated areas (ha)
- springs (no.)

Biodiversity assets
- proclaimed protected areas (ha)
- known habitats of endangered species
(ha. or no.)
- closed canopy forests (ha)
- mangrove forests (ha)
- identified endangered species (no. &
names)
Nature-based tourism assets
- caves (no.)
- water falls (no.)
- lakes (no.)
- other assets
Grasslands & brushlands
Forestland under cultivation
(perennial, agricultural)
Active mining areas and quarry
Other FFL assets

Mapping
Group:

Derived Maps and Tables

Prior to Situational Analysis Mapping Group will

1) Produce two derived maps:
Protection vs. Production Map
Water Production Area Map
2) Through map overlays fill three derived tables:
1. current landuse in protection vs. production zones (Table 14. )
2. distribution of tenured/allocated areas and protection vs.
production areas within (Table 17.)
3. current landuse in open access area (Table 18.)
3) When data available produce table to show trends/changes
in vegetative cover esp forest cover (Table 9.)

Mapping
Group:

Protection vs Production
Categorize forestlandsMap
into protection and production
forestlands based on agreed criteria.
>50% slope
>1000 masl
natural forests
hazard areas (buffer zone 25-50m)
river easements (40m/20m)
springs (buffer zone 25-50m)
catchments of water sources & springs (water
production area map)
lakes, caves, waterfalls (buffer zone 25-50m)
rocky and naturally unproductive areas
PROTECTION vs PRODUCTION
MAP
WATER PRODUCTION AREA (WPA)
MAP

Mapping
Group:

Water Production Area Map

Based on existing water infrastructure for irrigation
(damn, SWIP etc.) delineate catchment area based on
watershed map. This catchment areas/Water
Production Area (WPA) is serving water to irrigated
areas of the said infrastructure.
WATER PRODUCTION AREA (WPA)
MAP

Mapping
Group:

Current Landuse in
Protection vs Production

Table 14.
RESOURCE
ASSETS
Land
resources
A&Dlands
Protected
areas
Forestlands
Protection
forestlands
Production
forestlands
Subtotal
Water prodn
catchments

CurrentUses(basedonexistinglandusemap)
TOTAL
AREA/
NO.

Natural
forests

Brush
land

Agro
forestry

Rice
lands

Corn
lands

Sugar
cane

Grass
land

Rocky

Built
up

Other
uses

Distribution of
Allocated/Tenured Areas

Mapping
Group:

Mapping
Group:

Current Landuse in

Open Access Areas (allocated for LGU

management)
Table 18.

Mapping
Group:

Trends in loss of forest

cover
other FFL assets*

Identify trends/changes in vegetative cover

(a) Prepare resource change map by overlaying resource
map in two time periods change can be calculated by
barangay;
(b) Key informant interviews and FGDs could be used also
to give indications of trends/ changes.
*when available

Trends in loss of forest

cover
other
FFL
assets
Table 9.

Mapping
Group:

Vegetative cover change per barangay (ha)

Brgy1
FFL Assets

1987

Brgy2
loss/
gain

2003

1987

Total
loss/
gain

2003

1987

loss/
gain

2003

- in forestlands

- in A&D lands
Other FFL assets(no
vegetation))
*Include those that
available

Forest cover total

- Upland
- Mangroves
Forest cover in water
production catchments
Grasslands &
brushlands
Cultivated lands

Profiling
Group:

Community Profile

Population, growth rates, density

Household size
Migration
Income and sources
Major crops and livestock raised
Housing materials
Fuelwood sources
Wood based industries
Tenure status
Etc.

Profiling
Group:

Community Profile

Finalize table on minimum community profile

Population Growth Simple Calculation

Population

Annual growth
Density in
rate in %
ha/ person
f = {{(d-c)/c}/no
(e = b/d)
of years}100

Total Area
in ha.
(b)

2000
(c)

2007
(d)

Aglipay

24,084

21,774

25,069

0.96

2.1

Cabarroguis

18,220

25,814

28,024

0.65

1.23

Diffun

30,618

39,485

42,958

0.71

1.26

Maddela

65,232

32,198

33,637

1.94

0.64

Nagtipunan

160,740

17,027

20,443

7.86

2.87

6,824

12,217

13,479

0.50

1.47

305,718

150,515

163,610

1.86

1.24

Barangays
(a)

Saguday
TOTAL

Profiling
Group:

Community Profile

Finalize table on minimum community profile

Profiling
Group:

Community Profile

Finalize table on minimum community profile

Profiling
Group:

Community Profile

2. Complete summary table of FGD discussion

QNO
1

2.1.
2.1.
2.2.
2.2.
2.2.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.

3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.

4.1.
4.2.

Information

Barangay 1

Further comments/ % when

applicable

Sitio/Purok with FL

Location of remaining forest

Current condition of forest
20 years ago
10 years ago
5 years ago
Reasons for decrease/increase
Main timber species
NTFP
Widlife
Flora

Location of plantation forest

History of who, when, what was planted
Current condition reasons for decrease/increase
Current management, tenure, plans, utilization

Location and names of rivers and creek

Location and names of springs

Profiling
Group:

Institutional Profile

1. Identify institutions and other stakeholders

involved in the management of FFL by virtue of
their mandates and interests in FFL
2. Identify their past and current activities in FFM,
their resources (organizational units, personnel,
and budgets), FFM skills
3. Assess if there are conflicts among
stakeholders and if there are mechanisms for
stakeholders collaboration in FFM.

Profiling
Group:
Table 19.
institutions/
Stakeholders

DENR
PLGUs
MLGU
BLGU
POs
NGOs
others

Institutional Profile
Mandate/
interests

FFM
units/
Staff/
manpower

Funds/
Annual
Budget
on FFM

Past/
current
FFM
activities

FFM
Skills

Policies/
Plans
related to
FFM

Remarks
(any conflict
w/ other
stakeholders

PROTECTION
&
PRODUCTION
Situational Analysis

Total land area

Constitution
A & D lands

NIPAS, DAO
2008-26 &
EO 318
DAO 95-15
EO 23

SPZ

WPAs

Mineral
lands

MUZ

Protected areas/
National parks

Protection
forests

Conservation areas

Forestlands

Production
forests

LEVEL OF FLUP

DAO 95-15
Agriculture

Tree plantations

Grazing

Agroforestry

Settleme
nt

Other
uses

National Policies Related to

Allocation of Forestlands

32

Constitutional Provision . . .
Art. XII, Section 3. Lands of the public domain
are classified into agricultural, forest or timber,
mineral lands and national parks. Agricultural
lands of the public domain may be further
classified by law according to the uses to which
they may be devoted. Alienable lands of the
public domain shall be limited to agricultural
lands.

33

NIPAS
SEC. 5. Established and Extent of the System---The
establishment and operationalization of the
System shall involve the following:
Areas or islands in the Philippines proclaimed,
designated or set aside, pursuant to a law,
presidential decree, presidential proclamation or
executive order as national park, game refuge,
bird and wildlife sanctuary, wilderness area, strict
nature reserve, fish sanctuary, natural and
historical landmark, protected and managed
landscape/seascape as well as identified virgin
forests before the effectivity of this Act are hereby
designated as initial components of the System.
34

DAO 2008-26 . . .
Section 10.3. Each protected area shall be
divided into two management zones:
strict protection zone and
multiple use zone consistent with its
designated category.

35

E.O. 318 . . .
State forestlands shall be identified, classified
and delineated/ demarcated on the ground and
shall constitute the permanent forest estate,
unless otherwise stipulated by Congress. The
same shall be categorized and managed either
as primarily for production or as primarily for
protection purposes

36

DAO 15-S.95 Sect 3. Definition of Terms

Protection Forest- forestlands outside NIPAS
obtained essentially for their beneficial influence on
soil and water in particular and the environment in
general. These are areas above 50% in slope and
more than 1,000 meters specified width bordering
rivers, streams, shoreline and reservoir, and steep,
rocky areas and other naturally unproductive lands.
Production Forest - forestlands tended primarily for
the production of timer. These areas below 50%
slope and less than 1,000 meters in elevation. This
includes natural and man-made forests.
37

PD 1067 (1976) . . .
Art. 51. The banks or rivers and streams and
the shores of the seas and lakes throughout
their entire length and within a zone of three
(3) meters in urban areas, twenty (20) meters
in agricultural areas and forty (40) meters in
forest areas, along their margins, are subject to
the easement of public use in the interest of
recreation, navigation, flotage, fishing and
salvage. No person shall be allowed to stay in
this zone longer than what is necessary for
recreation, navigation, flotage, fishing or
salvage or to build structures of any kind.
38

E.O. 23
Section 2. Moratorium on the cutting and
harvesting of timber in the natural forests. A
moratorium on the cutting and harvesting of
timber in natural and residual forests of the
entire country is hereby declared unless lifted
after the effectivity of this Executive Order

39

R.A. 8435 (AFMA (1997)

SEC. 12. Protection of Watershed Areas. - All
watersheds that are sources of water for
existing and potential irrigable areas and
recharge areas of major aquifers identified by
the Department of Agriculture and the
Department of Environment and Natural
resources shall be preserved as such at all
times.

40

DAO 15 Series of 1995 . . .

Sec. 4 Sub - Classification Categories
-subclassification shall be carried out within the
inalienable lands of the public domain
classified as forestlands, mineral lands and
national park under Article XII, Section 3 of the
new Constitution of the Philippines:

41

Forestlands. . .

FORESTLANDS:
a. Agricultural
b. Industrial or Commercial
c. Residential
d. Resettlement
e. Ancestral lands
f. Grazing
g. Protection
h. Production
i. Agro-forest
j. Fishfarm/ fishponds
42

Criteria:
The criteria for protection is derived from
national laws and policies and complemented
with local policies if any for example:

>50% slope
>1000 masl
natural forests
hazard areas (buffer zone)
river easements (40m/20m)
springs (buffer zone)
lakes, caves, waterfalls (buffer zone)
rocky and naturally unproductive areas
catchments of water sources/springs
(water production area map)

Protection vs. Production

Map
Protection vs. Production map is one of the
main results of FLUP

The map shows the spatial location of

controls defined by national and local policies
All tenure/allocation holders within forestland
must follow these controls, also called non
negotiables, and these must be included in
the Resource Management Plans
The controls defined in the FLUP form rules
for protection within forestland

Protection vs. Production

Map

There are different reasons for protection

BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION (BE) controls for this for example: natural forest
and mangrove, habitat of endangered species, elevation over 1,000 asl,
unique environmental features caves, lakes, waterfalls etc.

WATER PRODUCTION (WP)

controls for this for example:

buffer defined for all springs, water production area (see next slide) etc.

HAZARD PREVENTION

controls for this for example: slopes

over 50%, river easement, buffer for existing hazard areas, high risk areas
etc.

Appropriate management of these areas depends

on what is being protected

Water Production Area

Map
Sufficient water production for irrigation,
potable water and other uses (such as
power generation) is one of the key
economical interests of LGU in forestland
management
Based on R.A. 8435: Water Production Area Map is drawn to identify
key water production areas of the LGU
The existing and planned water infrastructure can be included as
basis to identify Water Production Area (WPA)
WPA Map is considered in the analysis together with the Protection vs.
Production map to identify priority watersheds for economical
development of LGU particularly for sufficient and improved water
production

STEP 2.
Situational
Analysis
Guiding Questions

Map Overlays
Overlay Protection vs Production Map
with other themes as indicated
Consider Trends when information is
available
Support analysis with results from the
Community Profile/FGD to explain
Issues/Threats and Opportunities in each

Biophysical Features and

Assets
Water Production (Chapter 2.1.1.)
Where are water sources? How are these
managed?
What is the landuse of catchment areas? Extent
of unsustainable practises on catchment areas?
What are the issues/conflicts in management?
(watershed/drainage map,
springs-micro catchment areas,
settlement map, land use map,
FFL assets tables, FGD summary)

Biophysical Features and

Assets

Natural Forests and Biodiversity (Chapter 2.1.1.)

Where are forest areas? Is deforestation a
threat in the LGUs forestland? What are the
reasons? Forest based livelihoods? What are its
implications?
look at trends in cultivated areas in forestlands; number of
wood based industries and furniture makers, use of firewood
and wood for construction

Where are important biodiversity areas? How

current land use practises, population impacts
these? What are the issues/conflicts in
management?
(forest cover map, trends, land use map,
settlement map, infrastructure/road map,
FFL assets tables, FGD summary)

Biophysical Features and

Assets

Other Environmental Assets (caves, falls, lakes)

(Chapter 2.1.1.)

Where are other environmental assets located?

How are these managed? What are threats to
these areas?
- Accessibility
- Vandalism
- Wastes and pollution

(springs-lakes-falls-caves map,
land use map, infrastructure/road
map, FFL assets tables, FGD
summary)

Landuse
Landuse in Forestland (Chapter 2.1.2.)
What is the current vegetative cover/landuse
in forestland? How well this responds to
protection and production zones? Where
and what are the main issues?
(land use map, settlement map,
watershed map)

Landuse
Landuse of production areas
(Chapter 2.1.2.)

Where are important production forest/agroforestry/agriculture areas? Where are areas

that are underutilised (brush
lands/grasslands)? What are the
issues/conflicts in management?
- Pests
- Fire
- Declining local interests in plantations
- Infertile soil
- Competing land uses
- Inaccessibility
- Low
prices,
(land use
map,product
settlement
map, etc.
infrastructure/road map, FGD
summary)

Landuse
Other uses (Chapter 2.1.2.)
Where are other areas that forestland
resources are being utilised (settlements,
mining, quarry, agro-industry etc.) What are
the issues/conflicts in management?
(land use map, mining map, infrastructure
map, FGD summary)

Hazards
Hazard Areas (Chapter 2.1.3.)
Have there been natural calamities in past
ten years?
Where are the hazardous areas located?
How are these linked to land use practises?
How are the upstream practises affecting
downstream communities?
How many people live in hazardous areas
(steep slopes, flood prone areas)? How many
people
areland
in use
immediate
danger?
(hazard map,
map,
settlement map, watershed map,
FGD summary)

Population
Forestland occupants

(Chapter 2.1.4.)

How many people depend on forestland resources?

Who are they? What are their practices? What income
sources they depend on? How has their income
changed during the past years? What is estimated no
of hh are located in forestland?
Are social and infrastructure services reaching
forestland areas supporting or preventing
development? Where are the main issues?
Do they have tenure or rights for utilizing and
benefiting from land and resources? If they have what
are their capacities in managing these areas?
(land use map, infrastructure map,
community profile, tenure map,
institutional profile, FGD summary)

Allocation/Tenure
(Chapter 2.1.4.)

Tenured
Where are tenured/allocated areas (protection vs production)?
What are the agreed plans for management of these areas?
Are tenured areas managed as agreed? If not what
prevents/supports sustainable management?
Open Access
Where are open access areas located (protection vs
production)? What are the current land uses on these areas?
Are there settlements in these areas?
Tenured and Open Access
Where are the main areas of conflicts on boundary (municipal
and barangay level), claims, tenure rights, absentee
claimants/tenants, migration? How these are handled?

Stakeholders and Financing

(Chapter 2.1.4.)

Other stakeholders
How interests of other forestland stakeholders (non
forestland occupants such as LGU, DENR, absentee
claimants, business, populations downstream) are
met in the current management/land use? How these
interests could be used to improve
management/productivity? How these could prevent
future interventions?
Past interventions
What was the impact of past projects/programmes?
Who funded these? Why were these successful/not
successful?
(land use map, community profile, tenure
map, institutional profile, FGD summary)

Summary Threats and

Opportunities
1. Issues/problems/ concerns

Declining natural forests?

Degraded watersheds/ water production areas?
Inadequate protection of biodiversity resources?
Declining wood resources?
Destruction of nature tourism assets?
Low productivity? Underutilized areas?
Inadequate institutional arrangements and capacity?

2. Opportunities for improved forest management

Potential areas for plantations

Potential for increased agricultural productivity (water production, technologies)
Eco-tourism potential
Interested investors and available external support
Markets
Potentials for financing: PES
LGU support

Allocation of
Forestland

Open Access areas

1. have not been allocated for a certain
use or tenure arrangement.
2. tenured or allocated but abandoned
or not managed in accordance with
agreed management plans
The FLUP aims to bring these areas
under proper management.
The areas without official
allocation can be
allocated/tenured.

Rationale for Land allocation

The resource managers can provide
effective and responsible on-site
management.
The allocation to on site managers will
provide the ultimate enforcement
mechanism as they exercise their
rights and privileges over the forest
and forestlands assigned to them.

Main Allocation Instruments

in Negros Oriental
NEGROS ORIENTAL

Forestland
Protected Area
CBFMA
IFMA
CSC
Tamlang Valley
Development
Co-Management

Untenured

Total hectares

281,390
12,127
25,800
3,000
9,200
23,000

74,222
134,031

Decision on Allocation
Since different types of tenure instruments
have varied purposes and uses, first it is
necessary to consider if areas to be
allocated are mainly under production or
protection areas.

Allocation of forestland
1. Allocation to communities
Community-based forest Management
Agreement (CBFMA)
Certificate of Ancestral Domain Titles (CADT)
Protected Area Community-Based Resource
Management Agreement (PACBRMA)

1. Allocation to
Communities
Typesof
allocation
instruments
Allocationto
communities

Protectedareas

Protection
forestlands

Production
forestlands

PACBRMA
CBFMA
CADT

Allocation of forestland
2. Allocation to Investors
Integrated forest Management Agreement (IFMA)
Socialized Industrial Forest Management Agreement
(SIFMA)
Special Land Use Permit
Small Scale Mining (permit)
Foreshore Lease
Fishpond Lease

2. Allocation to Investors
Typesof
allocation
instruments
Allocationto
private
investors

Protectedareas

Protection
forestlands

Production
forestlands
IFMA
SIFMA
SLUP

Allocation of forestland
3. Allocation to Local Government Units (LGUs)
Communal Forest
Community Watershed Areas
Co-Management Agreements
Special Land Use Permit

3. Allocation to LGU
Typesof
allocation
instruments
Allocationto
LGUs

Protectedareas

Protection
forestlands

Production
forestlands

Co-ManagementAgreement
Communal forest
Community
watersheds
SLUP

Allocation of forest land

4. Allocation to address needs for public good
Declaration of watershed reservations,
biodiversity reserves, other protected areas
5. Allocation to other Government Agencies
Academic Research Agreement(ARA)
Land Grant (e.g. UP Los Banos (UPLB), granted
jurisdiction over the Mt. Makiling Forest Reserve.
Special programs of DENR to other
Government Agencies and private entities/also
possible under CMA

4. Allocation to address
needs
for Public Good
Typesof
allocation
instruments
Allocationto
address
needsfor
publicgoods

Protectedareas

Declaration aswatershed
reservations, biodiversity
reservesand other
protected areas

Protection
forestlands

Production
forestlands

5. Allocation to Other
Government Agencies
Types of
allocation
instruments

Protected areas

Protection
forestlands

Production
forestlands

Allocation to
other government
agencies

Academic
research
agreement

Special programs and

agreements with universities
and other government agencies
Grants to government
corporations
Civil/ Military reservations

Decision on Allocation
STEPS FOR ALLOCATION
1.define critical allocation decision areas in forest
lands and indicate their location in maps
2.examine the decision areas, describe the problem,
identify and evaluate options and make
recommendations (the discussions and agreed
recommendations are to be documented!)
3.evaluate the preliminary land allocation based on
environmental, legal, equity, economic and political
considerations
4.validate, refine and finalize the recommended
allocations, along with the map

Decision on AllocationEXAMPLE
STEP

Allocation Step

Discussion

Decision

1. Existing Tenure. For

example:
1. CBFMA (name of PO) 200
has
2. CBFMA (name of PO) 140
has
3. IFMA X (name) 890 has

Locate in map, clarify if

tenure instrument is still
valid? Is boundary clear?
What are the capacities of
tenure holders to manage
area? Are tenure holders also
claimants of the area?

No action/need
assessment/need
further clarification
(if yes include this
action in strategic
plan)

2. Already planned
developments in open
access. For example:
1.Plantations-NGP/donor X
has.
2.Other planned
developments (hydropower,
ecotourism, settlement site
etc.)

Locate in map. What is

appropriate tenure to cover
these developments? Should
these be covered with
expansion of existing tenure?
Or is there need to apply for
new tenure?

Propose
appropriate tenure
to all planned
developments

3. Open access
All other remaining area

Locate in map. What is

appropriate tenure to cover

Propose
appropriate tenure

Decision on Allocation
For tenured but unmanaged forest lands,
for example, some of the questions that
should be discussed
EXAMPLEare:
What is the existing tenure, who is the current tenure holder,
when is existing tenure instrument expiring?
Why is the area considered unmanaged
What are options to put the area under effective
management?
What are advantages and disadvantages of each option?
What measures should be taken to ensure effective area
management?

THANK YOU