Emergency First Aid

and Treatment

First aid
Immediate care given to an
injured or suddenly taken ill
person
Self-help and home care

The key aims of first aid

can be summarized in
three key points:

Preserve life
Prevent further harm
Promote recovery

Shock
Shock is a LIFETHREATENING condition
in which the body's vital
functions are threatened
due to lack of sufficient
blood or oxygen flow
to the tissues.

Signs and Symptoms of

Shock
Anxiety
Restlessness
Weakness
Dizziness
Decreased alertness
Rapid weak pulse
(more than 100bpm)
Cool, clammy skin

Signs and Symptoms of

Shock
Rapid shallow breathing
Pale or bluish skin, lips, and fingernails
Extreme thirst and dry mouth
Fatigue
Chest pain
Nausea & Vomiting
Unconsciousness

Emergency
Treatment
1.Contact
emergency
medical
care
immediately.
2.Check the persons
ABC.
3.Turn the head to the
side if the person
bleeds,
vomits
or
drools from his mouth
to allow fluids to drain.

Emergency
Treatment
4. Give first aid for the
underlying
injury
or
illness.
5. Loosen any tight
clothing,
belts,
or
jewelry and lightly cover
the person to keep him
warm.

Emergency
Treatment
6. Place the person in
shock position in the
absence of leg, neck or
back injury.
7. Lay the person flat
and elevate the feet 812 inches or in the
most
comfortable
position

Emergency
Treatment
8. Ask the person pertinent
information and give it to
ambulance personnel when
they arrive.

Burns
Burnis
a
type
ofinjurytofleshorskincaused
byheat,electricity,chemicals,friction,
orradiation.
It can occur at home, school or work.

Types
Burns

of

1.Heat/ Thermal burns

2.Cold temperature burns
3.Electrical burns
4.Chemical burns
5.Radiation burns
6.Friction burns

Classification
Burns

of

Superficial or
First degree burn
Burns
that
superficial skin

affect

The skin is usually red

Often there is swelling
Pain sometimes is present

only

the

Classification
Burns

of

Superficial or First degree burn

Treatment
-Hold the burn area under cool
running water until pain subsides.
-Cover with a sterile, non-adhesive
bandage or clean cloth.
-OTC pain relievers can be use.
-Consult a doctor if redness and pain
last more than a few hours and
worsens.

Classification
Burns

of

Partial-thickness or
Second degree burn
When the first layer of skin
has been burned through and the
second layer of skin (dermis) also is
burned.
Blisters develop
Skin takes on an intensely reddened
There is severe pain and swelling.

Classification
Burns
Partial-thickness or
Second degree burn

of

Classification
Burns

of

Partial-thickness or
Second degree burn
Treatment
-Cover the burned area loosely with
sterile nonstick bandage and secure
in place with gauze or tape.

Classification
Burns

of

Partial-thickness or
Second degree burn
-If with head, neck or leg
injury:
Lay
the
person
flat,
elevate feet about 12inches,
elevate burn area above heart
level and cover the person with
coat or blanket if possible.

Classification
Burns

of

Full-thickness or
Third degree burn
Injury extends to all layers
of the skin.

Classification
Burns
Full-thickness or
Third degree burn

of

Classification
Burns

of

Full-thickness or
Third degree burn
Call health rescue
Apply procedures stated
under first- and second-degree
burns

Classification
Burns

of

Full-thickness or
Third degree burn
Airway burn do not display
pillow under the persons head
when the person is lying down
Face burn sit up
Check pulse and breathing

Classification
Burns

of

Fourth degree burn

Involves injury to deeper

tissues, such
asmuscleorbones, tendons,
nerves and blood vessel.

Classification
Burns

Fourth degree burn

of

Burn severity is dictated by:

Percent total body surface area (TBSA)
involvement
Burns >20-25% TBSA require IV fluid
resuscitation
Burns >30-40% TBSA may be fatal
without treatment

In adults:"Rule of Nines" is used

as a rough indicator of % TBSA

In children,adjust percent because they

have proportionally larger heads (up to
20%) and smaller legs (13% in infants)
than adults
Lund-Browder diagrams improve the
accuracy of the % TBSA for children.
Palmar hand surface is approximately 1%
TBSA

Anatomic Surface

% of total body surface

Head and neck

9%

Anterior trunk

18%

Posterior trunk

18%

Arms, including hands

Legs, including feet
Genitalia

9% each
18% each
1%

Management of
Burn
Intravenous fluids
Pain relievers
Anti-anxiety
Burn creams
Antibiotics
Tetanus shot
Skin graftingand Reconstruction

Soft tissue injury

-Soft tissue injury is the damage

ofmuscles,ligamentsandtendo
nsthroughout the body.

Soft tissue injury

- Usually occur from

asprain,strain.
-Soft tissue injuries can result
inpain,swelling,bruisingand
loss of function

First aid for Soft tissue

Injury
P
R
I
C
E

Protection
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

First aid kit

It is a collection of supplies and
equipment use in givingfirst aid.