Interpretation of Geometric Dimensioning

and Tolerance

Presented by

Deepak Chandra Sekaran R

Assistant Professor
Department of Automobile Engineering

Prerequisites

Tolerance
Limits
Types of fits
Fundamental Deviation

6/2/15

Learning Objectives
Cognitive Domain Understand Level
Describe GD&T?
Compare Co-ordinate Tolerance method with GD&T
Interpret the GD&T information in an engineering
drawing

6/2/15

GD&T
It is compilation of symbols and rules that efficiently
describe and control, dimensioning & tolerancing for all
drawings (castings, machined components,etc.).

ASME Y14.5-2009

6/2/15

Tolerance
Definition: Allowance for a specific variation in the size and
geometry of part.
Why is it needed: No one or thing is perfect !
Hence, engineers have come up with a way to make things
close to perfect by specifying Tolerances !
Since variation from the drawing is inevitable the
acceptable degree of variation must be specified.
Large variation may affect the functionality of the part
Small variation will effect the cost of the part
requires precise manufacturing.
requires inspection and the rejection of parts.

6/2/15

When does Tolerances become

important
Assemblies: Parts will often not fit together if their
dimensions do not fall with in a certain range of values.
Interchange ability: If a replacement part is used it must
be a duplicate of the original part within certain limits of
deviation
The relationship between functionality and size or shape
of an object varies from part to part.

6/2/15

Advantage over - Co-ordinate

Tolerancing

6/2/15

Form Error

6/2/15

Terminologies to remember
Basic Dimension
Maximum Material Condition (MMC)
Lower Material Condition (LMC)
Datums

6/2/15

Maximum Material Condition

That condition where a feature of size contains
the maximum amount of material within the
stated limits of size.
Example: minimum hole size, and maximum shaft
size.

6/2/15

10

Least Material Condition

That condition where a feature of size contains
the least amount of material within the stated
limits of size.
Example: maximum hole size, and minimum shaft
size.

6/2/15

11

Datums
This symbol is attached to a plane or size
feature that must be contacted for machining
and inspection.

6/2/15

12

Types of Datums
Primary Datum (A)
Secondary Datum (B)
Tertiary Datum (C)

6/2/15

13

Types of Datums (Cont.)

6/2/15

14

Geometric Characteristics

6/2/15

15

Straightness

6/2/15

16

Flatness

6/2/15

17

Circularity

6/2/15

18

Cylindricity

6/2/15

19

Cylindricity

6/2/15

20

Orientation
Parallelism

6/2/15

21

Perpendicularity

6/2/15

22

Angularity

6/2/15

23

Location
Concentricity

6/2/15

24

Line Profile

6/2/15

25

Feature Control Frame

6/2/15

26

Advantages of GD&T
It forces the designer to totally consider function,
manufacturing process, and inspection methods.
Provides more bonus tolerance.
Reduces rejection of parts.
Reduces manufacturing cost.
Improves communication between various
engineering departments.

6/2/15

27

Measuring Instruments

Dial Indicator
CMM

6/2/15

28

Summary

What is GD&T?
Terminologies used in GD&T
Symbols used in GD&T
Advantages of GD&T

6/2/15

29

6/2/15

30

6/2/15

31

Time Starts
Now

Quiz 01

Time Over

32

Time Starts
Now

6/2/15

Quiz 02

Time Over

33

Quiz 02

6/2/15

34