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ANALYTIC HIERARCHY

PROCESS (AHP)

The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)


Developed by Thomas Saathy
A method to select the best one
To answer the question which one?
To buy a house from several houses
To select a university from a group
of universities
To choose the most qualified
candidate, etc.

Preference Scale for Piecewise


Comparison

Let illustrate AHP by using an example.


1. PETRONAS SITE SELECTION
PROBLEM
Suppose that PETRONAS has identified three
potential sites for its latest project near Alor
Setar (A), Bukit Merah (B) and Cyberjaya (C).
The company has identified four primary
criteria on which it will compare the sites
namely:

The four criteria:


The customer market (overall market size,
and population at different age level)
Income level
Infrastructure (including utilities, and roads)
Transportation (proximity to highway for
supplier deliveries and customer access)

The overall objective of the company is


to select the best site

1. Comparison matrix for customer market:


CUSTOMER MARKET
A

1/3

1/5

1/2

2. Comparison matrix for income level:


INCOME LEVEL
A

1/3

1/6

1/9

3. Comparison matrix for infrastructure:


INFRASTRUCTURE
A

1/3

1/7

4. Comparison matrix for transportation:


TRANSPORTATION
A

1/3

1/2

1/4

Let us do synthesization: decision alternatives


are prioritized within each criterion.
STEP 1

CUSTOMER MARKET
A

1/3

1/5

1/2

Total

11/6

16/5

Next, we divide each value in a column by its


corresponding column sum. This results in a
normalized matrix as follows:
STEP 2

CUSTOMER MARKET
A

6/11

3/9

5/8

2/11

1/9

1/16

3/11

5/9

5/16

Next, change them to decimal and find the


average for each row.
STEP 3

CUSTOMER MARKET

Row
average

0.5455

0.3333

0.6250

0.5012

0.1818

0.1111

0.0625

0.1185

0.2727

0.5556

0.3125

0.3803

Thus, based on customer market, the


sites are ranked as follows:

0.5012 (A)

0.5012 (A)
0.1185 (B)
0.3803 (C)

OR

0.3803 (C)
0.1185 (B)

We have to do the same process to the other


3 criteria. The results are as follows:
Income
Level

Infrastructure

Transportation

0.2819 (A)

0.1780 (A)

0.1561 (A)

0.0598 (B)

0.6850 (B)

0.6196 (B)

0.6583 (C)

0.1360 (C)

0.2243 (C)

LET COMBINE ALL 4 CRITERIA TOGETHER.

CRITERIA (CALL THIS MATRIX M)

MARKET

INCOME
LEVEL

INFRATRANS
STRUCTURE PORTATION

0.5012

0.2819

0.1790

0.1561

0.1185

0.0598

0.6850

0.6196

0.3803

0.6583

0.1360

0.2243

THE NEXT, WE WANT TO RANK THE CRITERIA.

WELL ASK THE DM TO FILL THIS TABLE.

IL

IS

TP

1/5

IL

IS

1/3

1/9

TP

1/4

1/7

1/2

WELL DO THE SAME PROCESS AS BEFORE:


NOW, ADD THE VALUES IN EACH COLUMN

IL

IS

TP

1/5

IL

IS

1/3

1/9

TP

1/4

1/7

1/2

TOT

79/12

458/315

27/2

14

NEXT, DIVIDE EACH ENTRY WITH RESPECTIVE


COLUMN SUM.

IL

IS

TP

12/79

315/2290

6/27

4/14

IL

18/27

7/14

IS

2/27

2/14

TP

1/27

1/14

NEXT, WRITE EACH ENTRY INTO DECIMAL FORM.

IL

IS

TP

0.1519

0.1375

0.2222

0.2857

IL

0.6667

0.5000

IS

0.0741

0.1429

TP

0.0370

0.0714

NEXT, TAKE AVERAGE FOR EACH ROW.

IL

IS

TP

0.1519

0.1375

0.2222

0.2857 0.1993

IL

0.6667

0.5000

IS

0.0741

0.1429

TP

0.0370

0.0714

Average
Row

THOSE NUMBERS REFLECT THE RANK FOR THE


CRITERIA. WE ARE SUPPOSE TO HAVE:

ROW AVERAGES(CALL
THIS MATRIX N)

0.1993 (M)
0.6535 (IL)
0.0860 (IS)
0.0612(TP)

NOW WE ARE READY TO DEVELOP AN OVERALL


RANKING. WHAT WE HAVE TO DO IS TO MULTIPLY
MATRIX M AND N.

0.1993

0.5012 0.2819 0.1790 0.1561

0.6535
0.1185 0.0598 0.6850 0.6196

0
.
0860
0.3803 0.6583 0.1360 0.2243

0.0612

WE ARE SUPPOSE TO GET:

Score for site A

Score for site B

Score for site C

0.3091

0.1595
0.5314

REARRANGE ACCORDING TO SCORE:


SCORE FOR SITE C IS 0.5314
SCORE FOR SITE A IS 0.3091
SCORE FOR SITE B IS 0.1595

HUS, SITE C (CYBERJAYA) IS THE BEST CHOICE.

2. Sample Problem
Jilley Bean Co. is selecting a new
location to expand its operations. The
company want to use AHP to help it
decide which location to build its new
plant. Jilley Bean Co. has four criteria
they will base their decision on these
are the following: property price,
distance from suppliers, the quality of
the labor pool, and the cost of labor.
They have three locations to decide
from A , B and C area.

Matrices given criteria and


preferences
PRICE
A
A
2

C
1

B
1/3
1/5

1/2
5
LABOR
A

WAGES

DISTANCE
B

1/6

1/3

1/7

1/3

1/3

1/2

1/9

1/4

Criteria
Price
Labor
Wages

Price

Distance

1/5

1/9

4
Distance
7
Labor

1/3
2

Showing that in preference in price A and C are the equally


Wages
1/4
1/7
1/2
preferred but are preferred over B. 1

The results are . . .


LOCATION

Score

A
B

.3091
.1595

.5314
1.0000

Based on the scored Location C should


be chosen for Jilley Bean Co. to built a
plant.

3. Problem Statement
Purchasing decision, three model alternatives, three
decision criteria.
Pairwise comparison matrices:

Prioritized decision criteria:

Answer
Bike X score = .5057
Bike Y score = .2138
Bike Z score = .2806

Overall ranking of bikes: X first followed by Z and Y (sum of


scores equal 1.0000).

4. Choosing the most satisfied


school
Goal: To select the most satisfied
school.
Criteria: learning, friends, school life,
vocational training, college prep. and
music classes.
Alternatives: School A, school B, and
school C.

Hierarchy:

Goal
Satisfaction with School

Learning

Friends

School
Life

School
A

Vocational
College
Music
Training
Prep.
Classes

School
B

School
C

Pairwise comparisons:

School Selection
L

Learning

F
4

Friends

1/4

School Life

SL
3

VT
1

CP
3

MC Weights
4
.32

1/5

.14

1/3 1/7

1/5

1/5

1/6

.03

Vocational Trng.

1/3

1 1

College Prep.

1/3

.24

Music Classes

1/4

1/3

.14

1/3

.13

Comparison of Schools with Respect


to the Six Characteristics
Learning
A B C
A

1/3 1/2

1/3

Friends
A B C

Priorities

Priorities

.16

.33

.45

.59

.33

1/5

1/5

.09

.25

.33

.46

College Prep.
A B C

Vocational Trng. Priorities

School Life
A B C

Priorities

Music Classes

Priorities

Priorities

.77

1/2

.25

.69

1/9

1/5

.05

.50

1/6

1/3

.09

1/7

.17

1/2

.25

1/4

.22

Overall final outcome


School B is the best school with an
overall priority of 0.38, followed by
school A.

SUPERDECISIONS
SOFTWARE

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