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Back ground
Closed
Closedwater
watersystem
systemof
oflakes
lakes Human
Humanactivities
activities
Increasing
Increasingof
ofnutrient
nutrientsalts
saltsand
andcontaminants
contaminants
Lake
Lakesludge
sludgeisisdredged
dredgedto
to
alleviate
alleviateeutrophication
eutrophication
Conventional disposal method
Utilization
Utilizationas
asaazeolite
zeolite Conventional disposal method
Recycle
Landfilldisposal
disposal
Recycleofofunused
unusedresources
resources Landfill
Large
Largescale
scaleofofdisposal
disposalland
land
Soft
Softground
ground
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Material
Sludge from Kasumigaura lake (Si,Al,O,C etc.)
Mineralizer: NaOH
Table the chemical component of lake sludge from Kasumigaura
Element
Si
Al
Fe
Cl
Content
32.6 25.7 11.4 8.13 3.01 1.30 0.78 0.48 0.31 0.29
[wt%]
Others
16
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Introduction Zeolite
xM2OyAl2O3zSiO2nH2O
(structural formula)
(Crystal structure)
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Research objectives
Synthesis of zeolite from lake sludge using
hydrothermal reaction in alkali solution
Investigation of microwave irradiation effects on
synthesis of zeolites
Investigation of the effect of ultrasonic mixing
6/16
zeolite product
7/16
Experimental
Microwave heating Method
teflon container
thermal insulator
Drying of sludge stirrer
Crushing and sieving
(<150m)
Treatment with alkali solution(1,2,3M NaOH)
Magnetic mixing (24h) or
Ultrasonic mixing (3h)
Microwave treatment (90, 120, 150, 6h)
Filtrating, washing, drying
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10m
10kv2000
2 -150
10m
10kv2000
2 -120
Q : Quartz - SiO2
P : Na-P1(Na6Al6Si10O32 12H2O)
10m
10kv2000
2 -90
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P1
P1
UAP1
U Q
P1
A
Microwave heating
P
1
U P1
P1
Conventional heating
P1
P1
P1
P1
Q
P1
10/16
GIS
Na-P1
Gismondine
11/16
Analcime-C
structure
12/16
Q : Quartz SiO2
U : Unnamed zeolite
Na6[AlSiO4]6!4H2O
P1: Zeolite P1(Na)
Na6Al6Si10O32!12H2O
P1
P1
U
P1
P1
P
1
P1
US 3h
US 1h
US 30min
Mixing 1day
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P1
A
Q
P1
A
P1
P1
U
U
A P
1
Ultrasonic assisted
Microwave heating
U
P1
P1
P1
P1
UA
Q
P1U
A
Microwave heating
P
A
1 U
P1
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Conclusion
Zeolites are synthesized successfully from lake sludge by
using microwave heating method.
Microwave heating requires shorter synthesis time.
Output control is easy and fast.
(10min is needed to ramp to target temperature while 20min for
drying oven. Cooling down is done automatically after heating )
In order to improve the synthesis of zeolites, the advantages
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X[mg/g]
X[mg/g]
X[mg/g]
Synthesis
condition
NaP1,
Si/Al=2.5, 120,
Species-P L/S=5ml/g, 2M NaOH
362
53.1
55.3
40.9
NaP1
Si/Al=1.5, 90,
L/S=5ml/g, 2M NaOH
313
31.7
41.1
35.2
Analcime-C
Si/Al=1.5, 150,
L/S=5ml/g, 2M NaOH
158
19.6
37.3
24.0
Conclusions
From lake sludge, several types of zeolites were successfully
synthesized by hydrothermal reaction in alkali solution.
Zeolite Na-P1 and Zeolite Species-P that were formed at Si/Al
ratio of 2.5 and reaction temperature of 120 showed the highest
value of CEC (362meq/100g).
The L/S ratio showed no effect on the type of zeolite formed.
The zeolite product showed adsorption ability for Cu2+
(Xm=53.1mg/g), Pb2+ (Xm=55.3mg/g) and Cd2+ (Xm=40.9mg/g).
These values were higher than those reported on previous study.
(Activated carbon Xm(Pb2+)=35.7mg/g and artificial zeolite
Xm(Cd2+)=38.55mg/g).
Electronic
Polarization
Orientation
polarization
Interface
polarization
Dielectric polarization types by microwave heating
Reference : Microwave Engineering homepage
http://www.microwave.ne.jp/06/001.html
pressure reduction
The reduced pressure cause bubbles which didnt dissolve in water completely.
Cavitation occurs when bubbles burst and water molecules accelerated by
ultrasonic are considered to result in a good mix of the sludge - NaOH mixture in a
shorter time.