UNDERSTANDING ADULT

LEARNERS
Characteristics of Adult Learner
Learning Styles
Perceptual Modalities
Cognitive Overload

PEDAGOGICAL
VERSUS
ANDRAGOGICAL
MODEL
2

PEDAGOGICAL MODEL OF
LEARNING

The teacher
learning process

is responsible for the

( Learner role is passive)

The teacher is the expert have the

responsibility to impart his or her knowledge to students.

Pp are motivated to learn because

in order to pass a test

Learning is

Motivation

they have to

information oriented.
to learn is largely

external.

ANDRAGOGICAL MODEL OF
LEARNING

By Malcolm Knowles
Assumption One Self-directedness.
Assumption Two

The role of experience.

Assumption
Three

Ready to learn when

they perceive a need
to know or do
something.

Assumption
Four

Real-world
applications.

Assumption Five Adults motivated to

learn because of
internal factors.

LEARNING STYLES

Trainer need to take into consideration how is trainee

learning style as he or she begin to design or develop

training program.
Learning

style : Refers to the way in which a learner

approaches and responds to a learning experience.

To be effective, trainers must design their programs

to accommodate style differences.

LEARNING STYLES
Feelers

Pp oriented, expressive
and focus on feelings
and
emotions.

Enjoy affective learning

and gravitate towards
learning experiences
that explore pp s
attitudes and emotions
6

LEARNING STYLES
Thinkers

Rely on logic and

reason.

They will question the

rationale behind
activities and will
challenge statements
that they perceive to
be too general.

LEARNING STYLES
Observers
Like to watch and
listen, reserved ,
quite and
take their time
before before
participating in
class.

LEARNING STYLES
Doers
1.

Like to be actively involved in

the learning process.

2.

Take charge in group activities

and tend to
dominate discussions.

3.

Like opportunities to practice

what they learn.

4.

Interested to in knowing how

they are going to
apply what they learn in the real
world.

10

Activity

A lecturer speaks at a rate of

_________words per minute; we can
listen at a rate of __________per
minutes.

People retain ______percent of what

they hear; _________percent of what
they hear and see; and
_____________percent of what they
hear, see and do.

PERCEPTUAL
MODALITIES

The ways people take in &

process information

11

12

Demonstrations

Interactive

Aural

PERCEPTUAL MODALITIES

Visual

Print

Kinesthetic

Tactile

Methods of Instruction
the lecture

the modified lecture

the demonstration
Readings

Practical sessions

group discussion conferences

Seminars

workshops

clinics

role-play

simulation games videos/films

Brainstorming

question and answer

programmed instruction
trips

field

14

FACTORS THAT AFFECTS THE SPEED OF

LEARNING

Environmental
Psychological
Emotional

Factors
Sociological
Age

Physical

Intellectual & experiential

15

COGNITIVE OVERLOAD
The

challenge to the trainer is to present

information in such a way that the

participants do not experience overload.
Working

memory has an estimated

limited capacity of seven chunks of

pieces of information.

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PREVENTING COGNITIVE OVERLOAD

Create job aids
Minimize the use
of lecture

WAYS PREVENTING
COGNITIVE OVERLOAD

Create chunks of
content or information
Participant do
most of the work.
Design easy to-follow
workbooks and other
participant materials