ACHIEVING A SAFETY CULTURE

IN THE WORKPLACE
Brought to you by:

OSHA 29 CFR 1910

CORPORATE
SAFETY TRAINING

COURSE OBJECTIVES

WHAT WE WILL COVER DURING THIS TRAINING SESSION:

Define The Term Corporate Safety Culture.

Discuss The Local Safety Policy.
Discuss Responsibilities At All Levels.
Discuss The Concept A Corporate Safety Culture.
Discuss Ways To Motivate Employees.
Discuss Incentives Verses Recognition.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 2 OF 51

BASIS FOR THIS COURSE

WHY THIS TRAINING IS ESSENTIAL TO YOUR SAFETY AT WORK:

Statistically, A Safety Culture Results In Accident Prevention.

Safe Behaviors Result In A Safety Culture At Work.
Development Of Improved Safe Attitudes Toward Work.
Elimination Of Workplace Injuries & Illnesses Where Possible.
Reduction Of Workplace Injuries & Illnesses Where Possible.
OSHA Safety Standards Require:
Workplace Hazards Be Assessed.
Training Be Conducted In Site Hazards.
Hazards And Precautions Be Explained.
Job Hazards Be Assessed And Controlled.
Accidents Be Investigated And Followed Up On.
A Comprehensive Safety Program Be Maintained.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 3 OF 51

COURSE ATTENDEES

WHO SHOULD ATTEND THIS TRAINING SESSION:

All Employees.
Safety Committees.
Corporate Managers.
Department Managers.
First Line Supervisors.
Accident Investigation Team Members.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 4 OF 51

ABOUT THIS COURSE

THE SCOPE OF THIS COURSE:

This Course Is Intended To Provide Employees With An

Overview Of The Actions Required To Help Achieve A
Corporate Safety Culture Within The Company. This
Training
Will
Significantly
Aid
Employees
In
Understanding This Concept. This Training Is Not Meant
To Replace Other Training Required By OSHA.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 5 OF 51

COMPANY SAFETY POLICY

SAFETY IS INTEGRAL TO OUR OPERATION:

The Personal Safety And Health Of Each Employee Of This

Company Is Of Primary Importance. The Prevention Of
Occupationally-induced Injuries And Illnesses Is Of Such
Consequence That It Will Be Given Precedence Over
Operating Productivity Whenever Necessary.
To The
Greatest Degree Possible, This Company Will Provide All
Mechanical And Physical Facilities Required For Personal
Safety And Health In Keeping With The Highest Standards.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 6 OF 51

WHAT IS A SAFETY CULTURE?

A SAFETY CULTURE MAY BE DEFINED AS:

A Behavioral Climate Within A Company That Promotes,

Rewards, And Controls Safety In Such A Way As To Make
Safety An Integral Element Of Employment Instead Of A
Condition Of Employment.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 7 OF 51

A SAFETY CULTURE IS IMPORTANT

AN INTEGRATED SAFETY CULTURE WILL HELP:

Improve Quality.
Improve Absenteeism.
Reduce Injury and Illness Rates.
Maintain a Healthier Work Force.
Acceptance of High-Turnover Jobs.
Workers Feel Good About Their Work.
Reduce Workers Compensation Costs.
Elevate SAFETY to a Higher Level of Awareness.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 8 OF 51

PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION REQUIRES:

Dedication.
Personal Interest.
Management Commitment.

NOTE:
UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORT FROM THE WORK FORCE
IS ESSENTIAL, WITHOUT IT THE PROGRAM WILL FAIL!

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 9 OF 51

COMPANY SAFETY INSPECTIONS

SAFETY INSPECTIONS PROVIDE BASELINES:

Designate Competent Employees.

Determine Your Baseline - Survey.
Standardize Facility Safety Inspections.
Collect and Distribute Inspection Data.
Prioritize Deficiency Correction Requirements.
Assess Solutions to Unsafe Conditions.
Designate Responsibility for Correction.
Establish Correction Time Frames.
Notify all Affected Employees of Deficiencies.
Follow-up to Ensure Corrective Actions are Taken.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 10 OF 51

MANAGEMENTS ROLE

SUPPORT FROM MANAGEMENT IS CRITICAL:

Support The Program.

Get Involved In Safety. Learn!
Ensure Your Support Is Visible.
Implement Ways To Measure Effectiveness.
Audit The Facility To Determine Specific Safety Needs.
Attend The Same Training As Your Workers.
Interact With Your Workers, Learn Their Problems.
Insist On Periodic Follow-up & Program Review.
Follow-up On The Actions You Took.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 11 OF 51

THE SUPERVISORS ROLE

SUPERVISORS CONTROL THE WORKPLACE:

Get To Know Your Workers.

Become A Model For Safe Behavior.
Learn What Motivates Your Workers.
Never Ridicule Any Injury or Near Miss.
Be Positive, Motivate, and Reward.
Attend the Same Training As Your Workers.
Be Proactive - Get Involved in Safety.
Audit Work Areas to Determine Safety Requirements.
Find Ways to Measure Safe Behavior.
Be Professional - You Could Save a Life Today.
Follow-up on the Actions You Took.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 12 OF 51

THE EMPLOYEES ROLE

WITHOUT EMPLOYEE SUPPORT THE PROGRAM WILL FAIL:

Get Involved In The Safety Program.

Contribute To Make Corrective Actions.
Understand How Your Behavior Affects Job Safety.
Report All Accidents And Near-misses Immediately.
Be Proactive And Professional.
Report All Safety Problems Or Deficiencies.
Follow-up With Any Additional Information.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 13 OF 51

SAFETY INCENTIVES & RECOGNITION

MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES TO WORK SAFELY IS THE GOAL:

Know The Differences Between Incentive & Recognition.

Provide Appropriate Safety Incentives At All Levels.
Promote Appropriate Safety Recognition At All Levels.
Understand Theories Of Accident Causation.
Evaluate The Different Approaches To Worker Safety.
Encourage Performance & Achievement.
Discourage Injury-based Safety Systems.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 14 OF 51

WHAT IS AN INCENTIVE?

INCENTIVES ARE GENERALLY TANGIBLE TO OTHERS:

Incentives Are Usually Physical In Nature.
- Money - Gifts - Time Off
Incentive Programs Are Only Partially Effective.
Incentive Programs Can Create Healthy Competition.
Employees Notice What Others Have Gained.
Incentives Only Temporarily Change Behavior.
When Incentives Are Removed Behavior Reverts.
Important: Incentives Are Most Effective When Combined With
Other Facets Of The Program.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 15 OF 51

ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT INCENTIVES

INCENTIVES CAN CREATE FALSE ASSUMPTIONS:

Incentives Sometimes Are Construed To Mean:
Workers Are Careless.
Workers Are Accident Prone.
Workers Have Bad Attitudes.
Accidents Can Be Stopped By Giving Trinkets.
Accidents Are Caused Exclusively By People.
Machines Dont Cause Accidents, People Do.
Teach Employees To Understand That:
Incentives Play Only A Partial Role In Injury Reduction.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 16 OF 51

WHAT IS RECOGNITION?

MOTIVATION IS GENERALLY INTANGIBLE TO OTHERS:

Recognition Is Motivational In Nature.

Recognition Can Change Behavior.
Recognition Is More Lasting Than Incentives.
Recognition Must Be Done Before Coworkers.
Can Be Combined With Tangible Incentives.
Some Examples Include:
Public Praise.
Certificates Of Accomplishment.
Personal Recognition From Management.
Other Similar Visible Initiatives As Appropriate.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 17 OF 51

FACTORS AFFECTING RECOGNITION

MOTIVATION IS GENERALLY INTANGIBLE TO OTHERS:

People Respond To Different Types Of Recognition.

Learn The Person, Learn What They Respond To.
Multiple Types Of Incentive/Recognition Work Best.
Some Examples Include:
Praise The Individual Before His/Her Peers (Intangible).
Praise The Individual In Private (Intangible).
Give A Displayable Plaque (Tangible).
Give A Displayable Certificate (Tangible).
Give A Bonus Or Monetary Award (Tangible).
Combinations Of The Above.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 18 OF 51

WHAT DO STATISTICS TELL US?

STATISTICS PROVIDE INDICATORS:

Usually Based On Injury Statistics Only.

Usually Based On Recordable Injuries.
Dont Include Close Calls.
Frequency Not A Good Indicator Of Risk.
Provide Little Information About Risk Management.
Statistics Provide Little More Than Indicators.
Statistics Only Provide A Starting Point.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 19 OF 51

BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES

BEHAVIOR CAN BE DEFINED:

Behavior Is What a Person Does or Says. What

Causes a Person to Take This Particular Behavior or
Course of Action Depends On Other Influencing
Factors. Attitude and Situational Conditions Cause
The Particular Behavior.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 20 OF 51

BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES
(Continued)

BEHAVIOR CAN BE INFLUENCED:

Attitude.
Emotions.
Motivation.
Experience.
Intelligence.
Situational
Conditions.

Need.
Skills.
Desire
Abilities.
Ambition.

What Else Can You Think Of?

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 21 OF 51

BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES
(Continued)

REASONS FOR UNSAFE BEHAVIOR MUST BE UNDERSTOOD:

Determine What Motivates The Behavior.

Lack of Training?
Working Conditions?
Personal Problems?
Work-Related Problem? - Try and Fix It.
Personal Problem? - Work Within Company Resources.
Find Positive Ways To Discourage Negative Behavior.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 22 OF 51

BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENT

BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENT MUST CONTINUAL:

Reinforcement Is Any Consequence That Increases the

Likelihood That the Behavior It Follows Will Occur in the
Future. In Other Words, If You Promote a Behavior and
Make Someone Feel Good About Performing That
Behavior, or Give Them a Reason to Perform That
Behavior, Its Occurrence in the Future Will Likely
Increase.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 23 OF 51

BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENT
(Continued)

ACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENT MUST BE CONTINUAL:

Acceptable Behavior Must Be Constantly Reinforced.

Never Miss an Opportunity to Give a Promote Acceptable
Behavior.
People usually Respond to Positive Reinforcement.

UNACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOR MUST NOT BE PROMOTED:

Unacceptable Behavior Must Never be Reinforced.
Always Promote the Acceptable Behavior Required for a Given
Situation.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 24 OF 51

BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENT
(Continued)

BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENT CONSIDERATIONS:

Reinforce Frequently, And In Public.

Reinforce ONLY For Acceptable Behavior.
Reinforce Immediately, Never Wait.
Reinforce DURING The Safe Behavior If Possible.
Be Specific About The Reinforced Behavior.
Give Non-verbal Positive Cues, Nods, Smiles Etc.
Be Totally Positive.
Be Sincere.
People See A Lot, But Dont Say A Lot.
Accentuate The Positive.
Lead By Example.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 25 OF 51

BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENT
(Continued)

REWARDING FOR ZERO ACCIDENTS:

Works For a Determinant Period Only.

Once an Accident Occurs, No Incentive Remains.
Usefulness Usually Degrades Over a Period of Time.
Doesnt Permanently Alter Unacceptable Behavior.
Diminishes Supervisory Control.
Only Works With Other Program Elements.
COMPANY

LOST TIME
ACCIDENTS

0
SINCE: 12/01/08

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 26 OF 51

MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES

MONEY AND BEHAVIOR:

Is The Individual Due a Raise?

Is a Salary Review Needed For The Job?
Is The Amount of Piecework Pay Appropriate?
Is There a Bonus Program?
Are There Monetary Rewards for Safe Behavior?
Are There Other Incentive Rewards for Safe Behaviors?
Is There a Safety Suggestion Program?
HOW MUCH OF A MOTIVATOR IS MONEY TO YOU REALLY?

What Else Can You Think Of?

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 27 OF 51

MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES
(Continued)

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT AND BEHAVIOR:

Holds That: Individuals Can Be Motivated By Properly Designing
Their Work Environment And Praising Their Performance.
Holds That: Punishment For Poor Performance Produces Negative
Results.
Goal Setting With Employee Participation Is Essential.
Periodic Re-evaluation Is Essential.
Requires Frequent Work Environment Adjustments.
Requires Detailed Planning
Requires A Properly Trained Workforce.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 28 OF 51

MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES
(Continued)

EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION AND BEHAVIOR:

People Are Motivated by Being Consulted on Actions That Effect
Them.
People Know Their Jobs. What Safety Program Changes Can They
Bring to the Work Environment?
People In Many Cases Know the Safety Problems and Safety
Solutions. Just Ask.
Participation In The Safety Program Satisfies Affiliation and
Acceptance Needs.
Workers Must Know That Final Decisions Are Reserved to
Management. But Tell Them Why a Decision Is Made!

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 29 OF 51

ATTITUDE

MOTIVATION INFLUENCES ATTITUDE:

MOTIVATION INFLUENCES ATTITUDE

AND
ATTITUDE DRIVES BEHAVIOR
When a Persons Attitude Changes, His or Her
Behavior Will Typically Follow. Assuming He or
She Has Adequate Knowledge of the Safe Working
Conditions in the Work Environment. When You
Eliminate Every Other Reason for Unacceptable
Behavior, What Is Left Is Attitudinal.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 30 OF 51

ATTITUDE IS IMPORTANT

SAFETY AS PART OF THE WORK ENVIRONMENT:

If a Person Understands That His or Her Safety at Work is
Controllable in a Measurable Way, Acceptance of the Safety
Culture as an Essential Part of the Work Environment Will
Be Increased. Safe Attitudes and Behaviors Will Naturally
Follow.

ATTITUDE - The Key To Safe Behavior

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 31 OF 51

ATTITUDE IS IMPORTANT
(Continued)

THE BIRTH OF THE CORPORATE SAFETY CULTURE:

Once Safe Attitudes Are A Normal Element In The Work

Environment, Behavior Will Be Influenced. Then, Peers
And Coworkers Expect Each Other To Practice Safety As A
Natural Part Of Work And Not A Requirement Of Work.
WHEN THIS MOMENT OCCURS:
THE SAFETY CULTURE IS BORN.
At This Point Coworkers Will Expect Each Others
Protection and Accident Rates Will Decrease.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 32 OF 51

ATTITUDE IS IMPORTANT
(Continued)

THE LINK BETWEEN ATTITUDE, BEHAVIOR AND SAFETY:

MOTIVATION

Do You Now Understand The

Links Between Motivation,
Attitude, Behavior And Safe
Work?

ATTITUDE
BEHAVIOR
SAFE WORK
0 INJURIES

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 33 OF 51

ATTITUDE IS IMPORTANT
(Continued)

SUSTAINING SAFE BEHAVIOR IS EQUALY IMPORTANT:

Management Is Responsible To Promote A Safety Culture.

Everyone Is Responsible For Sustaining A Safety Culture.
Attitude Is The Key To Sustaining A Safe Work Environment.
Know Site Behaviors Which Previously Caused Accidents.
Develop A List Of Critical Behaviors.
Develop A Critical Behaviors Checklist.
Establish Target Behaviors That Keep Workers Safe.
Regularly Review The Safety Program.
Review, Assess, Follow-up, And Revise.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 34 OF 51

THE HUMAN FACTOR

MOTIVATING THE CORE INDIVIDUAL:

Rules, Policies, Schedules, Jobs Etc., Must Accommodate
The Majority.
Focus On The Individual - But, Try To Please Everyone.
Good Behavior Is Enhanced By Accommodating The Majority.
Please As Many People As Is Practical.
Bad Behavior Should Be Studied To Determine Causation.
In The End, People Must Conform To Safe Work Practices.
Accommodation Ends At The Point Where Unsafe Behavior Affects
The Safety Of Others In The Workplace.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 35 OF 51

THE HUMAN FACTOR

(Continued)

PERSONAL DIGNITY IS CRITICAL TO GOOD BEHAVIOR:

People Must Be Treated With Respect No Matter What
Their Position In the Company.
Always Treat People With Respect.
Always Treat People Equally.
Assume People Will Talk. It Will Keep You Straight.
Never Ridicule Safe Behavior In Jest. Ever.
Remember, It Takes Two To Argue. Draw a Line.
Walk Away From Conflict, And Address It Later.
Argue Constructively, If You Must Argue.
Separate on a Positive Note. Always.
If Safety Is Critical To The Issue, Stand Your Ground.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 36 OF 51

THE HUMAN FACTOR

(Continued)

CONSIDER THE WHOLE PERSON:

People Are the Sum Total of Their Experience, Combined With
Their Genetic Make-up.
Reinforce Safe Behavior.
Discourage Unsafe Behavior.
Learn What Motivates Your Employees.
Learn Employees Strengths and Weaknesses.
Learn Strengths, Reward Them and Use Them.
Learn Weaknesses and Help To Improve Them.
Be Prepared To Deal With Unpredictable Situations.
Understand That Home Life Can Overflow Into Work.
Understand Group Behavior Verses Personal Behavior.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 37 OF 51

ACCIDENT CAUSATION

Domino Theory.
Multiple Causation Theory.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 38 OF 51

ACCIDENT CAUSATION
(Continued)

DOMINO THEORY (One Act or Condition):

The Occurrence Of An Injury Invariably Results From

A Completed Sequence Of Factors, The Last One Of
These Being The Injury Itself. The Accident Which
Caused The Injury Is In Turn Invariably Caused Or
Permitted Directly By The Unsafe Act Of A Person
And/Or A Mechanical Or Physical Hazard.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 39 OF 51

ACCIDENT CAUSATION
(Continued)

DOMINO THEORY (One Act or Condition):

The Unsafe Act: Climbing A Defective Ladder.

The Unsafe Condition: A Defective Ladder.
The Corrective Action 1: Replace The Ladder.
The Corrective Action 2: Forbid Use Of Ladder.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 40 OF 51

ACCIDENT CAUSATION
(Continued)

MULTIPLE CAUSATION THEORY:

Factors Combined In Random Fashion To

Cause Accidents.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 41 OF 51

ACCIDENT CAUSATION
(Continued)

MULTIPLE CAUSATION THEORY (Contributing Factors):

Was He Or She Properly Trained?

Was He Or She Reminded Not To Use It?
Did The Employee Know Not To Use It?
Why Did The Supervisor Allow Its Use?
Did The Supervisor Examine The Job First?
Why Was The Defective Ladder Not Found?

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 42 OF 51

ACCIDENT CAUSATION
(Continued)

UNSAFE ACTS:

Horseplay.
Defeating Safety Devices.
Failure To Secure Or Warn.
Operating Without Authority.
Working On Moving Equipment.
Taking An Unsafe Position Or Posture.
Operating Or Working At An Unsafe Speed.
Unsafe Loading, Placing, Mixing, Combining.
Failure To Use Personal Protective Equipment.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 43 OF 51

ACCIDENT CAUSATION
(Continued)

UNSAFE CONDITIONS (ENVIRONMENTAL):

Improper PPE.
Improper Tools.
Improper Guarding.
Poor Housekeeping.
Improper Ventilation.
Defective Equipment.
Improper Illumination.
Hazardous Arrangement.
Unsafe Dress Or Apparel.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 44 OF 51

ACCIDENT CAUSATION
(Continued)

UNSAFE PERSONAL FACTORS:

Fatigue.
Unclassified
Improper Attitude.
Defective Hearing.
Defective Eyesight.
Muscular Weakness.
Lack Of Required Skill.
Intoxication (Alcohol, Drugs).
Lack Of Required Knowledge.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 45 OF 51

ACCIDENT CAUSATION
(Continued)

BEHAVIORISTIC CAUSES:

Improper Attitude.
Lack Of Knowledge Or Skill.
Physical Or Mental Impairment.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 46 OF 51

ACCIDENT CAUSATION
(Continued)

TYPES OF ACCIDENTS:

Slips
Trips.
Struck By.
Overexertion.
Struck Against.
Fall On Same Level.
Fall To Different Level.
Caught In, On, Or Between.
Contact With - Heat Or Cold.
Contact With - Electric Current.
Contact With - Corrosive (Acid or Base).
Inhalation, Absorption, Ingestion, Poisoning.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 47 OF 51

A FINAL THOUGHT

WHATS LEFT:
When You:
Eliminate Unsafe Workplace Conditions.
Upgrade Engineering Controls.
Optimize Administrative Controls.
Provide Adequate Personal Protective Equipment.

WHATS LEFT?

ATTITUDE

ATTITUDE DRIVES BEHAVIOR

BEHAVIOR = SAFE WORK PRACTICES

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 48 OF 51

THE END RESULT

THE CORPORATE SAFETY CULTURE:

When Behavior:
Causes Management to Fully Support the Program.
Causes Employees to Promote Safety.
Contributes To a Safe Work Environment.
Causes a Measurable Reduction In Accidents.
WHATS LEFT?

A CORPORATE SAFETY CULTURE!

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 49 OF 51

COMPONENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM

A GOOD SAFETY PROGRAM WILL HAVE:

1. DETAILED WRITTEN SAFETY PROCEDURES.
2. ANNUAL REVIEW BY A COMPETENT PERSON.
3. AN EXTENSIVE EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAM.
4. PERIODIC REINFORCEMENT OF SAFETY TRAINING.
5. SUFFICIENT DISCIPLINE REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION.
6. PERIODIC FOLLOW-UP TO KEEP THE PROGRAM CURRENT.

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 50 OF 51

? ?

Do you have any questions

concerning the course material
we have just covered? Please
contact your course facilitator
at your facility.

? ?

THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATING

IN THIS TRAINING PROGRAM

? ?

?
?

SAFETY CULTURE - SLIDE 51 OF 51