Ferrous and Non-Ferrous

Metals
BT1
Members::
Baraquio, Valerio III B.
Capuyan, Ghlenn Perry
Gomez, Jared Josef
Cabrera, Al Chuckie

Ferrous Metals And NonFerrous Metals

One method of classifying metals is by their content, and one common

division is into ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals. The term ferrous is
derived from the Latin "Ferrum" which means "containing iron", thus ferrous
metals contain iron and non ferrous metals do not. Ferrous metals may be
pure iron, like wrought iron, or they may be alloys of iron and other
elements. Steel, being an alloy of iron and carbon, would therefore be a
ferrous metal.
Ferrous metals are often magnetic, but this property is not in and of itself
sufficient to classify a metal as ferrous or non-ferrous. Austenitic stainless
steel, a ferrous metal, is non-magnetic, while cobalt is magnetic but nonferrous. Ferrous metals are usually magentic, but there are a still some nonferrous metals that are magnetic as well.
Common ferrous metals include the various irons and steels. Common nonferrous metals include aluminium, tin, copper, zinc, and brass, an alloy of
copper and zinc. Some precious metals such as silver, gold, and platinum
are also non-ferrous.
Summary: Non-ferrous metals mean they do not contain iron and ferrous
metals mean they do contain iron. Ferrous metals are usually magnetic,
although SOME non-ferrous metals are also magnetic.

Ferrous Metals
Mild Steel
Composition -0.15 to0.30% carbon
Properties- Tough, high tensile strength, ductile.
Because of low carbon content it can not be
hardened and tempered. It must be case hardened.
Uses- girders, Plates, nuts and bolts, general
purpose.

Ferrous Metals
High Speed Steel
Composition- medium carbon, tungsten, chromium
and vanadium.
Properties - Can be hardened and tempered. Can be
brittle. Retains hardness at high temperatures.
Uses- Cutting tools for lathes.

Ferrous Metals
Stainless Steel
Composition- 18% chromium, and 8% nickel added.
Properties - Corrosion resistant
Uses- Kitchen draining boards. Pipes, cutlery,
aircraft.

Ferrous Metals
High Tensile Steel
Composition- Low carbon steel, nickel, and
chromium.
Properties- Very strong and very tough.
Uses- Gears, shafts, engine parts.

Ferrous Metals
High Carbon Steel
Composition- 0.70% to 1.40% carbon.
Properties- The hardest of the carbon steels. Less
ductile, tough and malleable.
Uses- Chisels, hammers, drills, files, lathe tools, taps
and dies

Ferrous Metals
Medium Carbon Steels
Composition- 0.30% to 0.70% carbon.
Properties- Stronger and harder than mild steels.
Less ductile, tough and malleable.
Uses- Metal ropes, wire, garden tools, springs.

Ferrous Metals
Cast Iron
Composition- Remelted pig iron with small amounts
of scrap steel.
Properties- Hard, brittle, strong, cheap, selflubricating.
White cast iron, grey cast iron, malleable cast iron.
Uses- Heavy crushing machinery. Car cylinder
blocks, vices, machine tool parts, brake drums,
machine handle and gear wheels, plumbing fitments

Steel Products

Steel Products
Rolled Structural Shapes

Steel Products
Sheet Piling
Sections are made to interlock abd are available in
several shape.

Steel Products
Steel Pipe
Seamless or welded small diameter pipe and
electrically welded large diameter pipe.
A large diameter pipe is made by having plates with
proper width, beveled edges and placed in a press
which forms them into cylinders. The two edges are
welded together and the pipe is brought to its final
diameter by hydraulically expanding the welded
sheet against a retaining jacket.

Steel Products
Reinforcing Steel
Made from new steel or from discarded railway car
axles or rails.
Reinforcing steel comes in plain or deformed bars,
that is, bars which have lugs or deformation rolled on
the surface to provide anchorage in concrete.

Steel Products
Welded Wire Fabric
Another type of reinforcing material. It consists of
parallel, longitudinal wired welded to transverse
wires at regular intervals.

Steel Products
Steel Wire
Over 150,000 uses for wire including pins, needles,
nails, bolts, cables, piano wire, fences.

Steel Products
Bolts and Nuts
(either hot forged or cold-formed from wire of the
appropriate diameter). For bolts, wire is fed into an
automatic bolt-making machine which cuts to length
heads, trims, points, and, in many cases rolls the
thread.

Steel Products
Steel Strapping
Made from high-tensile flat wire in a number of sizes.
Used for banding forms to keep them from bulging
under the pressure if freshly poured concrete. A
tightener tightens it and the two lapped end is
sealed.

Steel Products
Open Web Steel Jolt
Lightweight warren-type trusses made in several
different styles.

Steel Products
Sheet Steel
Black and galvanized, can be used to manufacture
corrugated roofing and sliding and formed steel
decking. Corrugated sheets have one edge turned
up, one turned down.

Steel Products
Sheet Steel
Two basic styles are open-faced decking and cellular
decking which allow easy distribution of electric
systems and outlets.

Steel Products
Steel Studs
Lightweight, requiring minimum storage space and
does not wrap or shrink. Fasteners do not pop, and
joints stay closed. Much faster to install to than
wood-stud installation. Available in 1 1/8, 2 and 3
5/8 inches.
Plumbing stacks and electrical components fit easily
into a steel-frame wall.

Steel Products
Pans and Domes
Manufactured for use in forming one-way and twoway ribbed concrete floor systems.

Non-Ferrous Metals
Aluminum
Composition- Pure Metal
Properties- Grayish-White, soft, malleable,
conductive to heat and electricity, It is corrosion
resistant. It can be welded but this is difficult. Needs
special processes
Uses- Aircraft, boats, window frames, saucepans,
packaging and insulation, pistons and cranks

Non-Ferrous Metals
Aluminum alloys
Composition- Aluminum +4%
Copper+1%Manganese
Properties- Ductile, Malleable, Work Hardens
Uses- Aircraft and vehicle parts

Non-Ferrous Metals
Copper
Composition- Pure metal Copper+1%Manganese
Properties- Red, tough, ductile, High electrical
conductor, corrosion resistant, Can work hard or
cold. Needs frequent annealing
Uses- Electrical wire, cables and conductors, water
and central heating pipes and cylinders. Printed
circuit boards, roofs

Non-Ferrous Metals
Brass
Composition- 65% copper +35%zinc
Properties- Very corrosive, yellow in colour, tarnishes
very easily. Harder than copper. Good electrical
conductor
Uses- Castings, ornaments, valves, forgings

Non-Ferrous Metals
Lead
Composition- Pure metal
Properties- The heaviest common metal. Soft,
malleable, bright and shiny when new but quickly
oxidizes to a dull grey. Resistant to corrosion.
Uses- Protection against X-Ray machines. Paints,
roof coverings, flashings

Non-Ferrous Metals
Zinc
Composition- Pure metal
Properties- A layer of oxide protects it from corrosion,
bluish-white, easily worked
Uses- Makes brass. Coating for steel galvanized
corrugated iron roofing, tanks, buckets, rust-proof
paints

Non-Ferrous Metals
Tin
Composition- Pure metal
Properties- White and soft, corrosion resistant
Uses- Tinplate, making bronze

Non-Ferrous Metals
Gilding metal
Composition- 85% copper+15% zinc
Properties- Corrosion resistant, golden colour,
enamels well
Uses- Beaten metalwork, jewelry

End of Report

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