CH2 THE DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

06/10/15

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CH2 THE DATABASE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

Information Systems Architecture

This is a blueprint for organizations desired information systems

structure
It consists of:
Data - Enterprise Data Modelsimplified ER Diagram
Processes Data flow diagrams, process decomposition, etc.
Data Network topology diagram
People people/User management
Events - when processes are performed
Rules - Reasons for events and e.g. decision tables

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The StayHome case study

This case study describes a company called StayHome.

It rents out videos to its members.
The first branch of StayHome was established in 1982 in Seattle.
The company has now grown and has many branches throughout
the United States.

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StayHome staff registration form

StayHome however keeps data about its staff using the Ms word
form showed below.

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Every branch keeps a list of staff members as shown below

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Additionally a list of the videos kept in a branch is also

maintained

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When a new member joins StayHome they fill in the

registration form below

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A list of members in the branch is also maintained

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When a member rents a video the following information is

kept

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You have been asked to develop a DBMS for

Stay Home.

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Approaches to Database Development
SDLC - System Development Life Cycle
Detailed, well-planned development process
Time-consuming, but comprehensive
Prototyping - Rapid application development (RAD)
Defines database during development of initial prototype
Repetition of implementation and testing activities with new
prototype versions

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Systems Development Life Cycle

Planning
Analysis
Logical Design
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
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Systems Development Life Cycle
Purposepreliminary understanding
of the system

Planning
Planning

Analysis
Logical Design
Physical Design
Implementation
Database activity enterprise modeling
(Processes/Activities?)
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Maintenance

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StayHome case study database planning

Defines the major aims of the database system.
specifies, in general terms, the work to be done, the resources
with which to do it, and the money to pay for it all.

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Systems Development Life Cycle

Purpose Identify possible solution and select
the best .

Planning
Analysis
Analysis

Logical Design
Physical Design
Database activityconceptual data
modeling (What Data?)

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Implementation
Maintenance

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StayHome case study Analysis

What data will the database have? Identify

entities.
Branches
Staff
Video
Members
Rentals
Suppliers
Supplier Orders

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Systems Development Life Cycle
Purpose Creation on paper or with CASE tools

Planning
Analysis

Logical Design
Logical
Design

Physical Design
Database activity design
transactions, forms, displays, views,
data integrity and security
How is data manipulated?
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Implementation
Maintenance

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StayHome Case Study Logical Design

What activities will be conducted on the data?

Maintaining/Edit Enter, Update and Delete
Querying Searching for analysis
Reporting - For Decision making purposes

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Systems Development Life Cycle
Purpose Identify and acquire
technology

Planning
Analysis

Logical Design
Physical
PhysicalDesign
Design
Database activity physical database
design (define database to DBMS,
physical data organization, database
processing programs)
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Implementation
Maintenance

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StayHome Case Study Physical Design

CASE Tools?
Open Source? Commercial DBMS?
In house development? Outsource?
Which DBMS/Application?

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Systems Development Life Cycle
Purposeprogramming, testing, training,
installation, documenting

Planning
Analysis
Logical Design
Physical Design
Implementation
Implementation
Database activity writing, coded
programs, documentation, installation and
conversion
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Maintenance

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Systems Development Life Cycle

Purposemonitor, repair, enhance

Planning
Analysis

Logical Design
Physical Design
Implementation
Database activity
database maintenance, tuning, error
corrections
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Maintenance
Maintenance

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Prototyping Database Methodology

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Database Schema
The schema of a database system is its structure. In a relational
database, the schema defines the tables, the fields, relationships,
etc.
The Three-Schema Architecture is the most popular. It contains:
External Schema - User Views. Determined from businessfunction/data entity matrices. It is a subsets of Conceptual
Schema
Conceptual Schema Data administrators view. Combines
different external views into a single view.
Internal Schema This is the underlying design and
implementation . It consists of two different schemas:
Logical structures Shows the data structure
Physical structures Shows how the data is stored
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DataIndependence
LogicalDataIndependenceReferstoimmunityofexternal
schemastochangesinconceptualschema.Conceptualschema
changes(e.g.addition/removalofentities)shouldnotrequire
changestoexternalschemaorrewritesofapplicationprograms.
PhysicalDataIndependenceReferstoimmunityofconceptual
schematochangesintheinternalschema.Internalschemachanges
(e.g.usingdifferentfileorganizations,storagestructures/devices).
Shouldnotrequirechangetoconceptualorexternalschemas.

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TheThreeLevelArchitectureoffersthefollowingbenefits:
Allusersshouldbeabletoaccesssamedata.
Ausersviewisimmunetochangesmadeinotherviews.
Usersdonotneedtoknowphysicaldatabasestoragedetails.

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Developing three-schema architecture for a database

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StayHome case study External Schema

Gather more details on user views to create users requirements
specification, which describes data to be held in database and how
data is to be used.
Which are the different users of the system?
What data do they want?
What can they do with the data; Edit, Query or simply view?

Overall Manager
Branch supervisors
Customer
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CRUD Matrix

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StayHome case study Internal Schema

Collect general requirements to create the system - systems
specification
Describes features to be included in new database system such as
networking, shared access, performance, and security
requirements.

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MultiUserDBMSArchitectures
1.
2.
3.

Teleprocessing
Fileserver
Clientserver

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1.Teleprocessing

Traditionalarchitecture.Wasasinglemainframewithanumber
ofterminalsattached.

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2.FileServer
Fileserverisconnectedtoseveralworkstationsacrossanetwork.
Thedatabaseresidesonfileserver.DBMSandapplicationsrunon
eachworkstation.
Disadvantagesinclude:
Significantnetworktraffic.
CopyofDBMSoneach
workstation.
Concurrencycontrolmore
complex.

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3.ClientServer
ServerholdsthedatabaseandtheDBMS.
Clientmanagesandrunsapplications.
Advantagesinclude:
wideraccesstoexistingdatabases;
increasedperformance;
possiblereductioninhardwarecosts;
reductionincommunicationcosts;
increasedconsistency.

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Three-tiered Client-Server Database Architecture

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StayHome case study DBMS Architecture

Decide how to manage a project where database system
has more than one user view.

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