Lyceum Northwestern University

Institute of Graduate and Professional Studies

Non-Thesis Program
Dagupan City
1st Semester, Academic Year 2013-2014

MANGALDAN OFF-SITE CAMPUS

Mangaldan National High School
Mangaldan, Pangasinan

FOUNDATIONS OF
VALUES FORMATION
Chapter I
The Meaning of Values

VALUE
According to Jocano (1993):
There are 3 distinct areas of Values
1. Objects 2. Ideas 3. Actions
From the Latin word valere which
literally means to measure. Taken
broadly, this implies three things:
1. The one who measures
2. The thing measured
3. The standard of measurement

When

applied to physical things, there is not

much problem as to which standard to follow. If
one needs accuracy, for instance, he can always
refer to such measuring devices as watches,
weighing scales, meters and so on. There is
practically no problem as regards time, weight,
distance, depth, height, breadth, length,
magnitude or amount.
The same cannot be said, however, of nonphysical objects. For there is, admittedly a
problem when it comes to abstract things like
character, freedom, justice, faith, these being
non-sensible realities. Surely, such things cannot
be put under a microscope or be subjected to any
complicated experiment. Thus, there must be
some unique standard to follow.

SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE

INTERPRETATIONS
Two kinds of values:
Objective
Maybe defined as those which originate
from without truth itself
Those absolute moral values which are
ethically and socially binding to all men at
all times and in all places.
Subjective
There which emanate from within, the
behavioral values which are either the
personal views of an individual man or the
collective concepts of a cultural group.

VALUE AS GOOD
These philosophical views on good are here presented:

1. The Thomistic point of

view
St. Thomas of Aquinas, a
noted theologian in the 13th
century, once said, Things are
good, in so far as they are.

2. The Aristotelian View

According to the great philosopher, the
good is that at which all things aim the
basic question that is asked of every
being is; what is it for. In metaphysics,
the purpose of end of a being is called
the final cause end means the real
purpose and not just any kind of end it
serves a purpose.
Eternal Law God created the material
universe out of nothing
God is the Lawmaker who preserves and
governs what He creates

3. The good in relation to the Moral Law.

Third notion of good is anchored in the definitions of
the Moral Law. It explains specific to man alone in
as much as this law enables him, through the light
of his reason, to know right from wrong.
Animals are except from this law because the set on
mere distinct. Whatever actions they make are
always without deliberation and free choice.
Applies only to free and rational creatures
Man needs ore that just his reason to know right
from wrong.
This very reason why we need laws.
To insure ethical behavior, each community must
have an authority structure, laws and sanction.

A table to understand the

Universality of the Moral Law
Application of the Moral Law
Basic Norm
Using good and
avoiding evil

Specifications Universal values

10
Peace, respect,
Commandments unity, justice, love
Code of Ethics for
of god and
Professionals
neighbor, charity,
Traffic rules
honesty, freedom.
Constitutional
Laws

Prepared by:
VILMA C. CORPUZ
T-II