Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Unit 3
Financial Accounting
(FI)
- Overview -
SD
MM
SM
Sales and
Distribution
Materials
PPMgmt.
Production
Planning
Service
Mgmt.
QM
Quality
Mgmt.
PM
Financial
Accounting
CO
R/3
Controlling
AM
Client / Server
Integrated Business
Solution
WF
Plant Maintenance
HR
Human
Resources
January 2008
FI
IS
Fixed Assets
Mgmt. EC
PS
Project
System
Workflow
Industry
Solutions
Enterprise
Controlling
SD
MM
SM
Sales and
Distribution
Materials
PPMgmt.
Production
Planning
Service
Mgmt.
QM
Quality
Mgmt.
PM
Financial
Accounting
CO
R/3
Controlling
AM
Client / Server
Integrated Business
Solution
WF
Plant Maintenance
HR
Human
Resources
January 2008
FI
IS
Fixed Assets
Mgmt. EC
PS
Project
System
Workflow
Industry
Solutions
Enterprise
Controlling
January 2008
Target Audience
External
Internal
Executives
Senior Management
Accounts
Administration Staf
Employees
January 2008
Legal Authorities
Banks
Auditors
Shareholders
Insurance
Taxing Authorities
Media
Financial Analysts
Accounts
Receivable
Financial
Accounting
(FI)
General
Ledger
Fixed
Assets
Accounts
Payable
Banks
Special
Purpose
Ledger
January 2008
Controlling (CO)
SD
MM
SM
Sales and
Distribution
Materials
PPMgmt.
Production
Planning
Service
Mgmt.
QM
Quality
Mgmt.
PM
Financial
Accounting
CO
R/3
Controlling
AM
Client / Server
Integrated Business
Solution
WF
Plant Maintenance
HR
Human
Resources
January 2008
FI
IS
Fixed Assets
Mgmt. EC
PS
Project
System
Workflow
Industry
Solutions
Enterprise
Controlling
January 2008
10
Target Audience
Executives
Senior Management
Department Managers
Controllers
Cost Accountants
January 2008
11
Internal
Orders
Controlling
(CO)
January 2008
Cost
Element
Acct
Cost
Center
Acct
Profitability
Analysis
Activity
Based
Costing
Product
Cost
Controlling
Profit
Center
Acct
12
Comparison
Managerial
Accounting
Cost Center
Accounting
External Accounting
Profit Center
Balance Sheet
Accounting
Profit & Loss Statement
Product Costing
Legal Requirements
Profitability Analysis
Standards
Diferent Valuations
Flexibility
Financial Accounting
January 2008
13
Comparative Reporting
Liquidity
Calculation
Financial Accounting
(FI)
Balance
Sheet
External
Reporting
Product
Costs
Reports
Internal
Reporting
January 2008
Retained
Earnings
Report
Income
Statement
Cost
Center
Reports
Profit
Center
Reports
Profit
Margin
14
Bal. Sheet
Bank
100
Cost
Center
100
Controlling
SAP AG - University Alliances
and The Rushmore Group, LLC
2008. All rights reserved.
15
Income Statement
Revenues
Expenses
January 2008
17
General Ledger
The General Ledger provides a
complete record of all "acceptable"
business transactions from the
viewpoint of an accountant
An acceptable business transaction has
the following traits
Afects the financial position of the entity
Measurable in a currency
Afects at least two accounts
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
Debits = Credits
January 2008
18
Chart of Accounts
The foundation for the General
Ledger is the Chart of Accounts
A Chart of Accounts contains a
complete list of all of the accounts
utilized in the General Ledger for a
given company
Financial accounting reports are
prepared from the balances
contained in the General Ledgers
Chart of Accounts
January 2008
19
Chart of Accounts
(continued)
There are five types of accounts
contained in a Chart of Accounts
Assets
Liabilities
Equity
Revenues
Expenses
20
21
22
23
Balance Sheet
January 2008
24
Income Statement
Revenues
The monetary amounts collected
from customers in settlement for
goods purchased from our company
or services rendered by our firm to
them during the current fiscal year.
January 2008
25
Income Statement
Expenses
The monetary amounts paid to
vendors in settlement for goods
purchased by our company or
services rendered to our firm by
other companies during the current
fiscal year.
January 2008
26
Income Statement
January 2008
27
January 2008
29
Organizational Data
A hierarchy in which the
organizational units in an enterprise
are arranged according to tasks and
functions
Are static data and are rarely
changed
The definition of organization units is
a fundamental step, it is a critical
factor in how the company will be
structured
January 2008
30
January 2008
31
Client
Highest hierarchical level in an
SAP environment
A complete database containing
all the tables necessary for
creating a fully integrated
information system
Master records are created at
the client level
January 2008
32
Client
January 2008
33
Company
Consolidated financial statements
are created at the company level
A company can include one or more
company codes
All company codes must use the
same chart of accounts and fiscal
year
Company is not required in the
definition of an enterprise (optional)
January 2008
34
Organizational Structure
Client
Company
January 2008
35
Company Code
A legally independent entity
The smallest organizational unit for which
accounting can be carried out
Business transactions are processed at this
level
Accounts are managed at this level
Legal financial statements, such as the balance
sheet and the income statement, are
generated at this level using the General
Ledger balances
January 2008
36
Organizational Structure
Client
Company
Company
Code
January 2008
37
Chart of Accounts
A listing of the accounts (assets,
liabilities, equity, revenues, and
expenses) that are contained in the
General Ledger
A chart of accounts must be assigned
to every company code in order to
create the General Ledger for that
company
Several company codes can use the
same chart of accounts
January 2008
38
Chart of Accounts
United
States Chart
of
Accounts
Company
Code 010
January 2008
Canadian
Chart of
Accounts
Company
Code 038
Company Company
Code 110 Code 117
39
Organizational Structure
Client
Chart of
Accounts
Company
Company
Code
January 2008
40
41
Organizational Structure
Client
Chart of
Accounts
Company
Fiscal Year
Variant
Company
Code
January 2008
42
January 2008
43
Organizational Structure
Client
Chart of
Accounts
Company
Fiscal Year
Variant
Credit Control
Area
Company
Code
January 2008
44
Organizational Structure
Client
Chart of
Accounts
Company
Fiscal Year
Variant
Credit Control
Area
Company
Code
January 2008
45
Business Areas
A unit in an enterprise that groups product and
market combinations as homogeneously as
possible for the purpose of developing unified
business policy.
January 2008
46
Client
GMCorporate
Credit CA
General
Motors
Corporate
Fiscal Year Var.
GMC
Cadillac
Business Areas
Cars
Trucks
January 2008
Cars
Trucks
SAP AG - University Alliances
and The Rushmore Group, LLC
2008. All rights reserved.
Trucks
47
Client 100
Credit Control
Area
Pen Inc.
Fiscal Year
Variant
Chart of
Accounts
Company
Code
January 2008
48
Unit 3 Exercises
21. Create Company Code
22. Create Chart of Accounts
23. Assign Company Code to Chart of
Accounts
24. Assign Company Code to Fiscal Year
Variant
25. Create Credit Control Area
26. Assign Company Code to Credit Control
Area
27. Assign Permitted Credit Control Area to
Company Code
January 2008
49
Unit 5
Financial
Accounting (FI)
- Rules (Internal Controls) -
Rules
Defines the parameters for Master
Data and Transactions
Determines functionality for Master
Data and Transactions
Relatively fixed
Changes as policy changes
January 2008
51
Unit 5 Rules
Rules
Account groups
BS Balance Sheet Account Group
PL Income Statement Account Group
RA Reconciliation Account Group
January 2008
52
Account Groups
Chrt/accts
To
CHRT
CHRT
CHRT
January 2008
Acct group
BS
PL
RA
Description
Balance Sheet
Income Sheet
Reconciliation
From
100000
400000
110000
399999
999999
310000
53
Account Groups
Identifier that controls which fields must be
entered when an account is created
Determine a valid number interval for each
of the groups (types) of General Ledger
accounts that have common attributes
Must be created before General Ledger
Chart of Accounts master records can be
created
You must assign each account to an
appropriate account group
January 2008
54
Account Groups
Account Group BS
Account control
Account management
Document entry
Bank/financial details
Interest calculation
Joint venture
Account control
Display
Suppress
Req. entry
Opt. entry
Currency
Tax category
Reconciliation account
January 2008
55
Field Status
Field status controls how the data will
be entered for a field when an
accounting master record is being
used in a transaction
Determining whether a field is
required, optional, suppressed, or
display only
Field status controls are also relevant
to a specific activity create,
change, or display
January 2008
56
January 2008
57
...
General Data
Suppress
Req. entry
Opt. entry
Display
Assignment number
Text
Invoice reference
January 2008
58
59
Unit 5 Exercises
37. Create Account Groups
38. Define Retained Earnings
Account
39. Review Field Status Variant
40. Assign Company Code to Field
Status Variant
January 2008
60
Unit 6
Financial
Accounting (FI)
- Master Data -
January 2008
62
Master Data
Master data is relatively fixed
Material master data
Vendor master data
Purchasing information record
General Ledger master data
63
SD
MM
SM
Sales and
Distribution
Materials
PPMgmt.
Production
Planning
Service
Mgmt.
QM
Quality
Mgmt.
PM
Financial
Accounting
CO
R/3
Controlling
AM
Client / Server
Integrated Business
Solution
WF
Plant Maintenance
HR
Human
Resources
January 2008
FI
IS
Fixed Assets
Mgmt. EC
PS
Enterprise
Controlling
Project
System
Workflow
Industry
Solutions
64
Unit 6 Overview
General Ledger Master Data
Chart of Accounts Data
Company Code Data
Reconciliation Accounts
Accounts Receivable
Accounts Payable
Goods Receipt/Invoice Receipt
65
66
January 2008
67
General Ledger
Organization of the Data
Contains one or more Chart of
Accounts specific information areas
Contains one or more Company Code
specific information areas
In this way, a General Ledger master
account can be shared by several
combinations of Charts of Accounts
and Company Codes
January 2008
68
General Ledger
Chart of Accounts Data
Account number
Name of the Chart of
Accounts
Account group
provides
information that
controls the creation
of the master record
for a company code
January 2008
69
General Ledger
Company Code Data
Local currency
Foreign currency
Tax category
Open item management
Line item display
Sort key
January 2008
70
General Ledger
Company Code Data (continued)
Local currency
Specify the currency in which the
account is to be posted
Transaction figures are always updated
and displayed in local currency
January 2008
71
General Ledger
Company Code Data (continued)
Foreign currency
Specify the alternative currency in which
the account is to be posted
It is possible to select up to two
alternative currencies
Transaction figures will be updated in
both the local and alternative currencies
January 2008
72
General Ledger
Company Code Data (continued)
Tax category
Specify the type of tax on purchase and
sales (input or output taxes) that can be
posted to the account
If the account is not tax relevant, do not
make a specification in this field
January 2008
73
General Ledger
Company Code Data (continued)
Open item management
Indicates that the account is subjected
to an affirmative clearing process
involving the matching of debits to
credits with the purpose of closing each
individual line item
For example, reconciliation accounts
You can only archive an accounting
document if all of its individual line
items have been cleared
January 2008
74
General Ledger
Company Code Data (continued)
Line item display
Select if it is desirable to view all the
debit and credit detail for the account
Remember that when posting items to
such accounts and displaying line items,
additional storage space and system
time are required
January 2008
75
General Ledger
Company Code Data (continued)
Line item display should not be used
for the following accounts:
Reconciliation accounts
Accounts that have a summation
function and are analyzed by another
application such as revenue or stock
accounts
Output and input tax accounts, since tax
information is required only in
connection with the document
January 2008
76
General Ledger
Company Code Data (continued)
Sort Key
Necessary when line item display is
selected
Determines the data field that will be
used to sort the line items
Posting date
Document date
Cost center
January 2008
77
General Ledger
Company Code Data (continued)
Reconciliation accounts
When you post to a sub-ledger, the
system automatically concurrently posts
to the corresponding reconciliation
account in the general ledger
In this way, the general ledger is
automatically updated and remains in
balance with the individual account
totals
January 2008
78
General Ledger
Company Code Data (continued)
General
LedgerGeneral Ledger
Debit Credit
Reconciliation Accounts
A/R, A/P, GR/IR
$$ $$
A/R
Debit Credit
$$ $$
January 2008
A/P
GR/IR
Subsidiary
Ledger Accounts
$$ $$
$$ $$
A/R, A/P,
GR/IR
Debit Credit
Debit Credit
79
Accounts Receivable
Reconciliation Account
Customer 189
10
0
Customer 142
30
0
Accounts
Receivable
Reconciliation
950
Customer 135
40
0
January 2008
Customer 123
15
0
80
Accounts Receivable
Integration
MM
Materials
Mgmt.
Goods
Issue
Sales
Order
FI
SD
Sales and
Distribution
FI
Financial
Accounting
Financial
Accounting
CGS
Decrease to Inventory
FI
Financial
Accounting
Revenue
Increase to A/R
Income Statement
Balance Sheet
January 2008
81
Vendor
100234
20
0
Vendor
100435
25
0
Accounts Payable
Reconciliation
950
Vendor
100621
January 2008
10
0
Vendor
100846
30
0
82
Accounts Payable
Integration
MM
Materials
Mgmt.
Goods
Receipt
Invoice
Receipt
FI
FI
Financial
Accounting
Financial
Accounting
Increase to Inventory
Increase to GR/IR
FI
Financial
Accounting
MM
Materials
Mgmt.
Increase to A/P
Decrease to GR/IR
Balance Sheet
January 2008
83
Debit
5,250.00
25,000.00
DT
KZ
KZ
SA
DZ
Credit
DC bal.
Balance
750,000.00
3,540.00
1,710.00
751,710.00
15,000.00
10,000.00
761,710.00
Doc.date
01/05/04
01/06/04
01/08/04
01/14/04
Currency
USD
USD
USD
USD
Amount
1,800.00 990.00 750.00
5,250.00
84
85
86
Unit 8
Rules
FI
January 2008
88
Rules
Defines the parameters for Master
Data and Transactions
Determines functionality for Master
Data and Transactions
Relatively fixed
Changes as policy changes
January 2008
89
SD
MM
SM
Sales and
Distribution
Materials
PPMgmt.
Production
Planning
Service
Mgmt.
QM
Quality
Mgmt.
PM
Financial
Accounting
CO
R/3
Controlling
AM
Client / Server
Integrated Business
Solution
WF
Plant Maintenance
HR
Human
Resources
January 2008
FI
IS
Fixed Assets
Mgmt. EC
PS
Enterprise
Controlling
Project
System
Workflow
Industry
Solutions
90
Unit 8 Overview
Posting Periods
Tolerance Groups for Account
Postings
Accounts Payable Settlement
Document Numbers
January 2008
91
Posting Periods
Before it is possible to post documents, it
is necessary to define posting periods
Fiscal years are divided into one or more
posting periods
Each posting period is delimited by both a
start and finish date
A common division of a fiscal year involves
defining 16 posting periods -- 12 months
and 4 quarter ending posting periods
January 2008
92
93
Document Numbers
All posted transactions must have a unique
number assigned to it
Usually these numbers are system
generated
The numbers serve to specifically identify
the business content of a transaction so that
it may be recalled at a later time
The actual system stored document number
includes information respecting the year,
date, and company codes
January 2008
95
Document Numbers
(continued)
Before any documents can be posted
to a company or company code,
there must be a number range
assigned to the document type
New transaction document number
ranges must be created at the start
of each new fiscal year
January 2008
96
Unit 8 Exercises
71. Define Posting Periods Variant
72. Open and Close Posting Periods
73. Assign Posting Periods Variant to Company
Code
74. Create Tolerance Groups for Account
Postings
75. Setup Payment Program
76. Create Tolerance Groups for Accounts
Receivable and Accounts Payable
77. Create Financial Accounting (FI) Document
Numbers
January 2008
97
Unit 9
January 2008
99
Transaction Data
Includes internal and external
exchanges that describe business
activities
Unlike master data, aggregate
transactional data is dynamic each
transaction is unique
January 2008
100
SD
MM
SM
Sales and
Distribution
Materials
PPMgmt.
Production
Planning
Service
Mgmt.
QM
Quality
Mgmt.
PM
Financial
Accounting
CO
R/3
Controlling
AM
Client / Server
Integrated Business
Solution
WF
Plant Maintenance
HR
Human
Resources
January 2008
FI
IS
Fixed Assets
Mgmt. EC
PS
Enterprise
Controlling
Project
System
Workflow
Industry
Solutions
101
Unit 9 Overview
Document Principles
Document Types
Posting Keys
January 2008
102
Document Principles
Each completed accounting
transaction writes data to the
database and creates a unique
electronic document
Each document contains information
such as:
Responsible person
Date and time of the transaction
Commercial content including company
SAP AG - University Alliances
codes
January 2008
and The Rushmore Group, LLC
103
2008. All rights reserved.
Document Principles
(continued)
An accounting document captures
the entire transaction in a manner
that facilitates recall for reporting
purposes
It remains as a complete unit in the
system until archived
Once created, a document can not
be deleted from the database
January 2008
104
Document Principles
(continued)
The SAP R/3 document principle provides a
solid framework for a strong internal control
system
Audit trails allow an accountant to begin
with an account balance on a financial
statement and trace through the
accounting records to the transactions that
support the account balance or to trace
individual transactions to the efected
account balance(s) on a financial statement
January 2008
105
Document Principles
(continued)
Each posted accounting document
has a header
January 2008
106
January 2008
107
Document Types
A way to categorize diferent transactions
Many diferent document types are supplied in
the system
January 2008
108
Document Types
(continued)
January 2008
109
Posting Keys
Determine whether the item to be
posted is a debit or a credit
Determine the type of account that
can be posted
January 2008
110
111
Common
50
Assets
70
January 2008
Vendors
Posting
Keys
Material
75
89
Customers
99
112
Unit 9 Exercises
78.
79.
80.
81.
January 2008
113
Unit 10
January 2008
115
Transaction Data
Includes internal and external
exchanges that describe business
activities
Unlike master data, aggregate
transactional data is dynamic each
transaction is unique
January 2008
116
SD
MM
SM
Sales and
Distribution
Materials
PPMgmt.
Production
Planning
Service
Mgmt.
QM
Quality
Mgmt.
PM
Financial
Accounting
CO
R/3
Controlling
AM
Client / Server
Integrated Business
Solution
WF
Plant Maintenance
HR
Human
Resources
January 2008
FI
IS
Fixed Assets
Mgmt. EC
PS
Enterprise
Controlling
Project
System
Workflow
Industry
Solutions
117
Unit 10 Overview
January 2008
118
Rental
Agreement
Accounts
Payable
January 2008
119
Invoice Receipt
Invoice
Receipt
January 2008
Invoice
Verification
120
Invoice Entry
Vendor
Informatio
n
January 2008
121
Accounts Payable
Settlement
Select payment method and bank
Select items for payment
Calculate the payment amount,
taking account of cash discount
periods
Post the payment document
Print payment medium
January 2008
122
Unit 10 Exercises
82.
83.
84.
85.
January 2008
123