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Bamidbar/In the Wilderness, commonly called

Numbers 13 – 15
Parshah Shelach Lecha:
Send You

http://www.BeitTefillah.org Wayne Ingalls


Outline
• Shelach Lecha
• Bamidbar 13
– A Commandment to Send, or Not?
– The Spies
– Descendants of Anaq/Nephillim
• Bamidbar 14
– Back to Egypt
– Kalev’s/Caleb’s Spirit
• Bamidbar 15
– Torah achat umishpat echad
– Sins by Mistake
– Defiant Sin
– Tzitziyot at several levels
• Questions

2
The Traditional Blessing Before
Reading the Torah Portion

Baruch atah Adonay Eloheynu melech ha'olam,


asher bachar banu mikol-ha'amim, venatan lanu et-torato

Blessed are You – Adonai our Elohim, King of the Universe,


who has chosen us from all peoples and has given us His Torah.
Baruch atah Adonay, noten hatorah

Blessed are You - Adonai, Giver of the Torah. 3


Bamidbar 13

4
Shelach Lecha

Vayedabbar ‫ יהוה‬el-Mosheh le’mor shelach lekha ‘anashim


veyaturu et-eretz kena’an ‘asher-ani naten livney Yisrael ‘iysh
‘echad ‘iysh ‘echad lematteh ‘avotayv tishlachu kol nashiy’ bahem.
Bamidbar 13:1-2 (ISR) And ‫יהוה‬ spoke to Mosheh, saying,
2 “Send men to spy out the land of Kena’an, which I am giving to the children of
Yisra’el. Send one man from each tribe of their fathers, every one a leader
among them.” 5
Shelach Lecha
Send men.
• The Artscroll Interlinear Chumash directly translates
“Shelach Lecha” as “send forth-for you,” and may be
understood to mean “send for yourself.” Based on this, the
rabbinic understanding here is that Yah is saying: “According
to your own understanding. I am not commanding you, but if
you wish, you may send.”

• Thus, according to this view, YHWH is not actually


commanding Israel to spy out the land, but allowing it
because of their unbelief that Yah will deliver them into the
Land safely and lead them in the conquest of it.

• Compare with Devarim/Deuteronomy 1: 19 – 36.


– Is there a discrepancy between these two descriptions?
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The Spies
• Send one man from each tribe: Who represents Levi?

• Hoshea Yehoshua, represents Ephraim

• Caleb, son of a Kenizzite, represents Judah.

• Significance of Joshua and Caleb.

• Converts and the Temple

• When did the spies report?

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The Descendants of Anaq
Bamidbar 13:22 (ISR) And they went up through the South and
̱
came to Ḥebron. And Aḥiman, Shĕshai, and Talmai, the
̱
descendants of Anaq, were there. Now Ḥebron had been built
seven years before Tso’an in Mitsrayim.

Bamidbar 13:32-33 (ISR) And they


gave the children of Yisra’ĕl an evil
report of the land which they had spied out,
saying, “The land through which we have
gone as spies is a land eating up its inhabitants,
and all the people whom we saw in it are men
of great size. 33 And we saw there the
Nephilim, sons of Anaq, of the Nephilim. And we were like
grasshoppers in our own eyes, and so we were in their eyes.”
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The Descendants of Anaq
These really were the descendants of Anaq/Anak, since we meet them again
later:

• Yehoshua/Joshua 15:13-14 (ISR) And to Kalĕḇ son of Yephunneh he gave a


̱ according to the command of
portion in the midst of the children of Yehudah,
‫יהוה‬  to Yehoshua: Qiryath Arba, that is Ḥebron
̱ – Arba was the father of Anaq.
14 And Kalĕḇ drove out the three sons of Anaq from there: Shĕshai, and Aḥiman,
and Talmai, the children of Anaq.

…but were these the Nephilim of Bereshiyt/Genesis 6?

Bereshiyt 6:4 (ISR) The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also
afterward, when the sons of Elohim came in to the daughters of men and they
bore children to them. Those were the mighty men who were of old, the men of
name.

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The Descendants of Anaq
“And we were like grasshoppers in our own eyes, and so we were in
their eyes.”

• Perspective is important. They first saw themselves as grasshoppers,


then projected that self-image onto the image they thought the sons of
Anak saw in them.

• “(F)rom this account we learn that we must never underestimate the


destructive power of negative speech. Such speaking not only
discourages otherwise faithful people, but leads them to outright
rebellion. We must realize that the people in this case were not rebelling
against Mosheh, but against Almighty Yahweh Himself.” Rabbi Tom
(Mordecai) Mitchell, Rabbi and Rosh Zaken of B'nai Yeshurun Nazarene Yisraelite Synagogue

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Eshkol
Bamidbar 13:23-24 (ISR) 23 And they came to the wadi
Eshkol, and cut down from there a branch with one cluster of
grapes. And they bore it between two of them on a pole, also
of the pomegranates and of the figs. 24 That place was called
the wadi Eshkol, because of the cluster (eshkol) which the
men of Yisra’el cut down from there.

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Bamidbar 14

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So, You Wanna Go Back to Egypt
• Bamidbar 14:1-5 (ISR) 1 Then all the congregation lifted up their voices and cried,
and the people wept that night. 2 And all the children of Yisra’ĕl grumbled against
Mosheh and against Aharon, and all the congregation said to them, “If only we had
died in the land of Mitsrayim! Or if only we had died in this wilderness! 3 “And why
is ‫יהוה‬  bringing us to this land to fall by the sword, that our wives and children
should become a prey? Would it not be better for us to turn back to Mitsrayim?” 4
And they said to each other, “Let us appoint a leader, and let us turn back to
Mitsrayim.” 5 Then Mosheh and Aharon fell on their faces before all the assembly of
the congregation of the children of Yisra’ĕl. 6 And Yehoshua son of Nun, and Kalĕḇ
son of Yephunneh, who were among those who had spied out the land, tore their
garments,

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So, You Wanna Go Back to Egypt
• Bamidbar 14:10 (ISR) But all the congregation said to stone
them with stones. Then the esteem of ‫יהוה‬  appeared in the
Tent of Meeting before all the children of Yisra’ĕl.

• The spies report caused despair and panic in the camp.

• They wanted to stone Yehoshua and Kalev.

• The presence of YHWH had to come to


personally intervene.

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Kalev’s “Different Spirit”
• Bamidbar 14:22-24 (ISR) for none of these men who have seen My
esteem and the signs which I did in Mitsrayim and in the wilderness, and
have tried Me now these ten times, and have disobeyed My voice, 23 shall
see the land of which I swore to their fathers, nor any of those who
scorned Me see it. 24 “But My servant Kalĕb,̱ because he has a different
spirit in him and has followed Me completely, I shall bring into the land
where he went, and his seed shall inherit it.

• Different Spirit//Followed Yah completely: Compare with


Yehezqel/Ezekiel 36:22-27 (next slide).

• Which tribe did Kalev represent?

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My Spirit and Ephraim
• Yehezqel 36:22-27 “Therefore say to the house of Yisra’ĕl, ‘Thus said the Master ‫יהוה‬, “I
do not do this for your sake, O house of Yisra’ĕl, but for My set-apart Name’s sake, which
you have profaned among the gentiles wherever you went. 23 “And I shall set apart My great
Name, which has been profaned among the gentiles, which you have profaned in their midst.
And the gentiles shall know that I am ‫יהוה‬,” declares the Master ‫יהוה‬, “when I am set-apart
in you before their eyes. 24 “And I shall take you from among the gentiles, and I shall gather
you out of all lands, and I shall bring you into your own land. 25 “And I shall sprinkle clean
water on you, and you shall be clean – from all your filthiness and from all your idols I
cleanse you. 26 “And I shall give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you. And I
shall take the heart of stone out of your flesh, and I shall give you a heart of flesh, 27 and
put My Spirit within you. And I shall cause you to walk in My laws and guard My
right-rulings and shall do them.”

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Bamidbar 15

17
Whose Moedim are They Anyway?
Bemidbar/Numbers 15: 3/Vayiqra/Leviticus 23: 1-2

Is there a
contradiction
between these
verses?

(ISR Scriptures) 18
He Must Do Exactly As You Do
Help Christians make a connection to Torah by showing
these verses to them using their own translations:

Numbers 15:14 (NIV) For the generations to come, whenever


an alien or anyone else living among you presents an offering
made by fire as an aroma pleasing to the LORD, he must do
exactly as you do.

Ephesians 5:1-2 (NASB) Therefore be imitators of God, as


beloved children; 2 and walk in love, just as Christ also loved
you and gave Himself up for us, an offering and a sacrifice to
God as a fragrant aroma.
Was Paul using imagery from the Torah here? 19
What connection, if any, would Paul expect his readers to make?
The Community Rule
Numbers 15:15 (NIV) The community is to have
the same rules for you and for the alien living
among you; this is a lasting ordinance for the
generations to come. You and the alien shall be
the same before the LORD:

HaQahal chuqah achat.


Many possible translations for chuqah, including statute,
ordinance, fixed order. (Note that the word as used here is
singular, not plural). Achat is a feminine singular form of echad.
20
Torah achat, umishpat echad
Bamidbar/Numbers 15: 16 (RSTNE3) One Torah and one ordinance
shall be for you, and for the ger that sojourns with you.

Bamidbar/Numbers 15: 16 (ISR) “ ‘One Torah and one right-ruling


is for you and for the stranger who sojourns with you.’ ”

Bamidbar/Numbers 15: 16 (JPCT) There shall be one law and one


ordinance for you and the proselyte who resides [with you].
• Torah achat umishpat echad

Many possible translations of mishpat, including justice,


ordinance, judgment, right-ruling, manner, statute. ordinance,
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fixed order.
Torah achat, umishpat echad
Bamidbar/Numbers 15: 16 (RSTNE3) One Torah and one ordinance
shall be for you, and for the ger that sojourns with you.

What is a ger?
RSTNE Definition: Sojourner, Or Stranger, Or Convert To A
Form Of Judaism
The words Hebrew words ger* and nokri** are related, as in:
Shemot/Exodus 18:3 and her two sons, of whom one was named
Gershom, for he (Moshe) said, "I have been a sojourner (ger) in a
foreign (nokri) land."
Devarim/Deuteronomy 14: 21a “Do not eat whatever dies of itself.
Give it to the stranger (ger) who is within your gates, to eat it, or
sell it to a foreigner (nokri)…. 22
*Strong’s H#1616 **Strong’s H#5237
Torah achat, umishpat echad
What is a nokri?
RSTNE Definition: Foreign, Or Strange, As In Foreign Vine

The Aramaic cognate is nokraya.

Ephesians 2:12 (Peshitta) And you were, at that time, without the
Messiah; and were aliens (nokraya) from the regulations (dubara)
of Israel; and strangers (aksenaya) to the covenants of the promise;
and were without hope, and without Eloha in the world.

Ephesians 2:19 (Peshitta) So, not being strangers (aksenaya), nor


sojourners (tautaba), but sons of the set apart city and sons of the
house of Eloha.
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Words above are in their lemma, or citation form
Torah achat, umishpat echad
What is an aksenaya?
Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Entry
1 Palm,Palestinian,CPA,Syr as noun: stranger, foreigner, visitor
2 Syr strange, foreign
3 Syr strange, wondrous
4 JLAGal (fem.) as noun: foreign country
However, in the Aramaic Targum Psalms it is used to translate
‘ivver (blind) in Psalm 146: 8:

Psalm 146:8-9 YHWH opens the eyes of the aksenaya….9


YHWH protects the gerim/giyora….; He supports the fatherless
and the widow, But He thwarts the way of the wicked.
Bringing us back to ger 24
Torah achat, umishpat echad
What is a tautaba?
There are direct Aramaic cognates for the Hebrew word ger, but in Acts, Stephen
connects the Aramaic tautaba to the Hebrew ger:

Bereshiyt/Genesis 15: 13 (ISR) And He said to Abram, “Know for certain that
your seed are to be sojourners (gerim) in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve
them, and they shall afflict them four hundred years.

Acts 7:6 (Peshitta) And Eloha conversed with him, and said to him: Your seed
will be a sojourner (tautaba) in a foreign land; and they will reduce it to
servitude, and will treat it ill, during four hundred years.

Acts 7:29 (Peshitta) And Moses fled at that speech, and became a sojourner
(tautaba) in the land of Midian. And he had two sons.
(Remember Moshe said: "I have been a sojourner (ger) in a foreign
land”). 25
Stranger things have happened
Some words translated as Stranger in the Aramaic Peshitta gospels

Mattityahu/Mattai/Matthew 25:35 For I was hungry, and you gave me food; I


was thirsty, and you gave me drink; I was a stranger (geyr), and you took me
home; Note the parallel usage
38 And when did we see you a stranger (aksenaya), and took you home? or
naked, and clothed you?
43 and I was a stranger (aksenaya), and you did not take me home; and I was
naked, and you did not clothe me; and I was sick and in prison, and you did not
visit me. 44 Then they will also answer and say: Maran, when did we see you
hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger (aksenaya), or naked, or sick, or in prison, and
did not minister to you?
Luqa/Luke 24:18 And one of them, whose name was Cleopas, answered and
said to him: Are you only a stranger (nokraya) in Jerusalem, that you do not
know the things that have occurred there in these days?
Yochanon/John 10:5 But after a stranger (nokraya) the flock will not follow, but
it flees from him; because it knows not the voice of a stranger (nokraya).
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Putting it Together

There are some different nuances, but the Messiah and the Brit
Chadashah writers essentially geyr, aksenaya, nokraya, and
tautaba interchangeably.

We have seen how each of these Aramaic words have been used
as the Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew word ger.

Thus, this passage indicates that believers in the Messiah are no


longer considered “ger” no matter what their DNA might indicate:

Ephesians 2:19 (Peshitta) So, not being strangers


(aksenaya), nor sojourners (tautaba), but sons of the set
apart city and sons of the house of Eloha. 27
The Terumah Offering
Bemidbar/Numbers 15: 17-21 (RSTNE) 17 And  spoke
to Moshe, saying,
18 Speak to the children of Yisrael, and say to them, When
you come into the land where I bring you,
19 Then it shall be, that, when you eat of the lechem of the
land, you shall offer up a terumah offering to .
20 You shall offer up a cake from the first of your dough for
a terumah offering: as you do the terumah offering of the
threshing floor, so shall you present it.
21 From the first of your dough you shall give to 
a terumah offering in your generations.

Terumah, from the Hebrew word rum to lift up, to arise, to be 28


high (above)
The Terumah Offering
The Terumah offering takes a portion of the bread to
sanctify the entire amount of bread.

A lamb, bull or ox cannot sanctify the bread. It must be


bread that makes the rest of the bread set-apart.

I believe Paul is referencing the Terumah offering when he says:

Romans 11: 16 (ISR) Now if the first-fruit is set-apart, the


lump is also. And if the root is set-apart, so are the branches.

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The Terumah Offering
“Anti-Missionaries” often argue that there is no
concept of “substitutionary offering” in Judaism.

However, the entire concept of first-fruits, first-born


priesthood, and the Terumah offering refutes that.

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When You Sin By Mistake
Bamidbar 15:22-25 (ISR) 22 ‘And when you sin by mistake, and
do not do all these commands which ‫יהוה‬  has spoken to Mosheh,
23 all that ‫יהוה‬  has commanded you by the hand of Mosheh, from
the day ‫יהוה‬  gave command and onward throughout your
generations, 24 then it shall be, if it is done by mistake, without the
knowledge of the congregation, that all the congregation shall
prepare one young bull as a burnt offering, as a sweet fragrance to
‫יהוה‬, with its grain offering and its drink offering, according to the
right-ruling, and one male goat as a sin offering. 25 ‘Then the priest
shall make atonement for all the congregation of the children of
Yisra’ĕl, and it shall be forgiven them, for it was by mistake. And
they shall bring their offering, an offering made by fire to ‫יהוה‬, and
their sin offering before ‫יהוה‬, for their mistake.
If the congregation wants to fully obey Yah, but its shepherds have taught
that certain of Yah’s instructions were outdated, legalism and bondage, is 31
the congregation guilty of a mistake or of defiant sin?
When You Sin By Mistake
Bamidbar 15:26-30 (ISR) 26 “‘And it shall be forgiven all the
congregation of the children of Yisra’ĕl and the stranger who
sojourns in their midst, because all the people did it by mistake.
27 ‘And if a being sins by mistake, then he shall bring a female goat
a year old as a sin offering. 28 ‘And the priest shall make atonement
for the being who strays by mistake, when he sins by mistake before
‫יהוה‬, to make atonement for him, and it shall be forgiven him. 29
‘For him who does whatever by mistake there is one Torah, both for
him who is native among the children of Yisra’ĕl and for the
stranger who sojourns in their midst.”

Is the sojourner to obey a different Torah than the native-born


Israelite? To whom does the sojourner bring the offering? Could
this commandment have been obeyed during the time of the earthly32
ministry of Yeshua?
Defiant Sin and the Sabbath Example
Bamidbar 15:30-36 (ISR). 30 ‘But the being who does whatever
defiantly, whether he is native or a stranger, he reviles ‫יהוה‬, and that being
shall be cut off from among his people. 31 ‘Because he has despised the
word of ‫יהוה‬, and has broken His command, that being shall certainly be
cut off, his crookedness is upon him.’ ” 32 And while the children of
Yisra’ĕl were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering sticks on the
Sabbath day. 33 And those who found him gathering sticks brought him to
Mosheh and to Aharon, and to all the congregation. 34 And they put him
in under guard, because it had not been declared what should be done to
him. 35 And ‫יהוה‬  said to Mosheh, “The man shall certainly be put to
death, all the congregation stoning him with stones outside the camp.” 36
And all the congregation brought him outside the camp and stoned him
with stones, as ‫יהוה‬  commanded Mosheh, and he died.

How does YHWH feel about defiant sin? Has this Scripture ever been
formed as a weapon against your Torah-obedient lifestyle? 33
Blue Cord Tzitziyot
Bamidbar 15:37-41 (ISR) 37 And ‫יהוה‬  spoke to Mosheh, saying,
38 “Speak to the children of Yisra’ĕl, and you shall say to them to
make tzitziyot on the corners of their garments throughout their
generations, and to put a blue cord in the tzitzit of the corners.
39 “And it shall be to you for a tzitzit, and you shall see it, and shall
remember all the commands of ‫יהוה‬  and shall do them, and not
search after your own heart and your own eyes after which you went
whoring, 40 so that you remember, and shall do all My commands,
and be set-apart unto your Elohim. 41 “I am ‫יהוה‬  your Elohim, who
brought you out of the land of Mitsrayim, to be your Elohim. I am
‫יהוה‬  your Elohim.”

Is this a commandment that can be obeyed today? Did Yeshua obey


this commandment? What is the purpose of this commandment?
34
How to Tie Tzitiyot • 1. The Radzyner/Chabad (Ariza”l) - has all the twists tekhelet except the first and last.
There are five knots: between the first and the second knot there are seven twists,
between the second and third - eight twists, between the third and fourth - eleven
twists and between the fourth and last - thirteen twists. Each group of three is
separated by winding the tekhelet around and inside them to hold them together.
• 2. One understanding of the Rambam - all twists blue except the first and last, with a
double knot between each chulya.
• 3. The Vilna Gaon - thirteen chulyot, alternating white and tekhelet distributed
between five double knots. Between the first and second knot - four chulyot (white,
tekhelet, white, tekhelet) and the same between the second-third, and third-fourth
knots. Between the fourth and last knot - one chulya of white.
• 4. The Chinuch - thirteen chulyot, alternating white and tekhelet distributed between
five double knots. Between the first and second knot - three chulyot (white, tekhelet,
white). After the second knot another three chulyot, (tekhelet, white, tekhelet). After
the third another three (white, tekhelet, white), and after the fourth - four chulyot
(tekhelet, white, tekhelet, white).
• 5. The Raavad quoting Rav Natronai Gaon - five knots. Between each knot, seven or
thirteen twists, with the twists alternating white then tekhelet. Between the second and
third knot, the amount of twists is not definite.
• 6. Rav Amram Gaon - seven or thirteen chulyot alternating white then tekhelet. A
knot at the beginning and at the end. (These knots are not double, but rather the
winding string tucked under itself.) The Baal Haitur's shitta is virtually identical but
he has a knot after each chulya.
• 7. The Rambam - all twists are tekhelet except the first and last. Seven or thirteen
chulyot are tied with a knots keeping them together and separate from each other. The
Yemenites have a tradition (even with white tsitsit) of tying a special knot that is the
chulya

http://www.tekhelet.com/guide.htm

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Karaite Tzitzit
Tzitziyot
Bemidbar/Numbers 15: 38 (Judaica Press Complete Tanakh)
Speak to the children of Israel and you shall say to them that
they shall make for themselves fringes on the corners of their
garments, throughout their generations, and they shall affix a
thread of sky blue [wool] on the fringe of each corner.

• Rashi Comments:

– blue The green-blue dye obtained from the chillazon (The


Zohar says the blue color is “produced from a certain fish
in the sea of Kineret (Galilee) called Kineret after her.”

36
Tzitziyot
Bemidbar/Numbers 15: 38 (Judaica Press Complete Tanakh) Speak to the
children of Israel and you shall say to them that they shall make for
themselves fringes on the corners of their garments, throughout their
generations, and they shall affix a thread of sky blue [wool] on the fringe
of each corner.

• Rashi Comments:

– on the corners of their garments Corresponding to [the verse said in


connection with the exodus from Egypt]“I carried you on the wings
ֵ ְ ‫ )כַנ‬of eagles” (Exod. 19:4). On the four corners, but not on a
(‫פי‬
garment of three or five [corners]. [This] corresponds to the four
expressions of redemption that were said in Egypt:“I will take you
out…I will save you…I will redeem you…I will take you” (Exod. 6:6-
7). - [Mid. Aggadah]

37
Tzitziyot
• Tzitzit are made up of 32 (8 strings hanging down x 4 corners) strings, which in turn can be said to
symbolize the 32 "paths" which YHWH Tzeva’ot employed in bringing this universe into being,
according to Sefer Yetzirah, The Book of Formation, which begins:

• With 32 mystical paths of Wisdom


engraved Yah
YHWH of Hosts
the Elohim of Yisrael
the living Elohim
King of the universe
El Shaddai
Merciful and Gracious
High and Exalted
Dwelling in eternity
Whose name is qadosh -
He is lofty and qadosh -
And He created His universe
with three books (Sepharim),
with text (Sepher)
with number (Sephar)
and with communication (Sippur).

38
32
Gematria (numerical value of words)
• First letter of the Torah=bet, 2
Last letter of the Torah=lamed, 30
First Letter + Last Letter = 32, the image of Torah from
beginning to end.
• Lev (heart) = 32
• Kavod (glory) = 32
• The heart of heaven = the glory of Elohim.
• These attributes = tiferet

Yeshayahu/Isaiah 4:2a In that day the Branch (Targum:


Messiah) of the YHWH shall be beautiful (tzevi) and glorious
(kavod)….

• Tiferet=Branch=Messiah 39
Tzitziyot
• Why is blue chosen above all other colors [for the tzitzit]? Because the blue
resembles the sea, and the sea resembles the sky, and the sky resembles the
Throne of Glory….” (Talmud Bavli, Menachot 43b)

Yehezqel/Ezekiel 1: 26 (ISR) And above the expanse over their heads was the
likeness of a throne, in appearance like a sapphire stone. And on the likeness
of the throne was a likeness as the appearance of a man high above it.

40
The Traditional Blessing After
Reading the Torah Portion

Baruch atah Adonay, Eloheynu melech ha'olam,


asher natan lanu torat emet, vechayey olam nata betochenu.

Blessed are You – Adonai our Elohim, King of the


universe,
who has given us the Torah of truth, and has planted
everlasting life in our midst.

Baruch atah Adonay, noten hatorah

Blessed are You - Adonai, Giver of the Torah. 41


Any Questions???

Next Week:
Parshah Korach (Korah):
Bamidbar/Numbers 16 – 18

Tues, 7pm: Yoel/Joel 1 and 2

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